What is law ?

Содержание

1. What is law ?
2. The two types of law The law is often divided into:civil law andcriminal law.
3. Civil law Civil law concerns the rights and duties that people or companies owe to each other.
4. Civil Law Key PointsThere is NO prosecution
5. Main Branches of Civil LawContract lawLaw of tortFamily lawCompany law.
6. Criminal Law Key PointsThe aim of criminal
7. The main courtsThe main criminal courts are:The
8. The burden of proof in criminal casesA
9. Criminal law Criminal law concerns behaviour that the
10. The burden of proof in civil casesThe
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The two types of law The law is often divided into:civil law andcriminal law.

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Слайд 1What is law?
A body of rules, imposed and enforced, among

the members of a given state.

Слайд 2The two types of law
The law is often divided into:

civil

law

and

criminal law.

Слайд 3Civil law
Civil law concerns the rights and duties that people

or companies owe to each other.

Слайд 4Civil Law Key Points
There is NO prosecution or punishment in civil

law.
A person brings an action against another and asks the

court for a remedy (e.g. damages).
The process of starting a civil law action is known as ‘suing’.
The person starting the action is known as the ‘claimant’.
The person being sued is known as the ‘defendant’.

Civil Law Key PointsThere is NO prosecution or punishment in civil law.A person brings an action against

Слайд 5Main Branches of Civil Law
Contract law

Law of tort

Family law

Company law.

Слайд 6Criminal Law Key Points
The aim of criminal law is to prosecute

and punish the wrong-doer.
The police conduct most criminal investigations,
The Crown

Prosecution Service (CPS) brings most prosecutions.
The Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) heads the CPS.
The person who is being prosecuted is known as the ‘defendant’.

Criminal Law Key PointsThe aim of criminal law is to prosecute and punish the wrong-doer.The police conduct

Слайд 7The main courts
The main criminal courts are:
The magistrates’ courts
The Crown

Court.

The main civil courts are:
The county courts
The High Court.

The main courtsThe main criminal courts are:The magistrates’ courtsThe Crown Court.The main civil courts are:The county courtsThe

Слайд 8The burden of proof in criminal cases
A person can only

be found guilty if the case is proved beyond reasonable

doubt.
If there is reasonable doubt then the accused must be found ‘not guilty’.
The defence does not have to prove that the defendant did not commit the crime.
The burden of proof is on the prosecution.

The burden of proof in criminal casesA person can only be found guilty if the case is

Слайд 9Criminal law
Criminal law concerns behaviour that the state so strongly

disapproves of that it will seek to punish the wrongdoer.

Criminal law Criminal law concerns behaviour that the state so strongly disapproves of that it will seek to

Слайд 10The burden of proof in civil cases
The burden of proof

in civil law is usually on the complainant but is

much lower than that required in criminal law.
Cases are decided on the balance of probabilities
This can be thought of as tipping the scales of justice in favour of one party or a 51% target: if this is reached then the case is won.