(i) solar radiation coming on the horizontal surface is called
NET RADIATION FLUX
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Net radiation
Содержание
- 1. Net radiation
- 2. http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/images/atmosphere/energy/radiation_balance_usgs_large.jpghttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/images/atmosphere/energy/radiation_balance_usgs_large.jpg
- 3. represents the optical depth of the atmosphere
- 4. Normal values of the NRThese values greatly
- 5. NR flux depends also on latitude.Within the
- 6. Cloudiness impact on net radiation can be
- 7. Transmission function for sea surfacen is cloud
- 8. http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter3/daily_trend5.htmlhttp://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter3/daily_trend5.htmlThe net radiation determines whether the surface
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http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/images/atmosphere/energy/radiation_balance_usgs_large.jpghttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/images/atmosphere/energy/radiation_balance_usgs_large.jpg
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 2http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/images/atmosphere/energy/radiation_balance_usgs_large.jpg
http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/images/atmosphere/energy/radiation_balance_usgs_large.jpg
Слайд 3 represents the optical depth of the atmosphere for the total
radiation flux.
denotes optical depth for homogeneous radiation flux
ε is a
coefficient depending on the Sun altitude.NR depends only slightly on optical depth of the atmosphere
That is why we can adopt value as a constant
Kondratiev’s formula
Слайд 4Normal values of the NR
These values greatly depends on the
sun altitude (ho) and atmospheric transparency (we’ll denote it be
the letter “c”).C=0,27 corresponds to the highest transparency; c=0,91 – to the lowest one.
Слайд 5NR flux depends also on latitude.
Within the same latitudinal zone
NRF can vary significantly. Global amplitude=215 w/m².
Cloudless atmosphere absorbs and
diffuses 20% incoming SR.Cloudiness further diminishes about 25% of SR
The rest 55% reaches the ground surface
Слайд 6Cloudiness impact on net radiation can be described with following
formulas:
or
Q0 is the net radiation flux in cloudless atmosphere,
n is
cloud amount in decimal fractions,“f”, “a”, “b” are empirical coefficients.
These coefficients depend on latitudes and type of underlying surface (land or sea).
For the land surface the coefficients are presented in the table on the page 1 of the Lecture Note #5.
Слайд 7Transmission function for sea surface
n is cloud amount in decimal
fractions, e is water vapor partial pressure in hPa, d
is deficit of the water vapor pressure in hPa.Qn is net radiation at the ground surface, Q° is the solar radiation flux at the top of the atmosphere.
nt is amount of the total cloudiness, nl is low cloudiness amount.
In case of no information on humidity
Слайд 8http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter3/daily_trend5.html
http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter3/daily_trend5.html
The net radiation determines whether the surface temperature rises, falls,
or remains the same:
net radiation = incoming solar - outgoing
IRIf the net radiation > 0, surface warms ( 6 AM - 3-5 PM)
if the net radiation < 0, surface cools (3-5 PM - 6 AM)
This also explains why the warmest part of the year is in July/August, not on 21 June during the summer solstice.
