Информационный проект по английскому языку "Британский парламент"

языку
Выполнил: Безверхов Владимир
Руководитель: Берлет И. В.
Екатеринбург, 2017

has a monarch as its Head of the State.
The

monarch reigns with the support of Parliament.
The powers of the monarch are not defined precisely.

her government,
her armed forces, her law courts and so

on.
She appoints all the Ministers, including the Prime Minister.

Government, and the monarch takes no part in the decision-making

process.
Once the British Empire included a large number of countries all over the world ruled by Britain.

of India, Pakistan and Ceylon. Now there is no Empire

and only few small islands belong to Britain. In 1997 the last colony, Hong Kong, was given to China. But the British ruling classes tried not to lose influence over the former colonies of the British Empire.

Britain was founded in 1949. It is called the Common

Wealth. It includes many countries such as Ireland, Burma, the Sudan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. The Queen of Great Britain is also a Head of the Common Wealth, and also these countries...

set out in any single document. Instead it is made

up of statute law, common law and conventions. The constitution can be change by Act of Parliament, or by general agreement to alter a convention.

grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her

uncle was his heir. The death of her grandfather and the abdication of her uncle (King Edward VIII) brought her father to the throne in 1936 as King George VI.
Elizabeth II came to the throne on the sixth6 of February in 1952 and was crowned on the second2 of June in 1953.

the UK also. The Queens is very rich, as are

others members of the royal family. In addition, the government pays for her expenses as Head of the State, for a royal yacht, train and aircraft as well as for the upkeep of several palaces. The Queen's image appears on stamps, notes and coins.

Lords and the House of Commons. Parliament and the monarch

have different roles in the government of the country, and they only meet together on symbolic occasions such as coronation of a new monarch or the opening of Parliament.

of the three which is true power. It is here

that new bills are introduced and debated. If the majority of the members aren't in favor of a bill it goes to the House of Lords to be debated and finally to the monarch to be signed.

supported by all three bodies, the House of Lords only

has limited powers, and the monarch hasn't refused to sign one. The Functions of Parliament are: to pass laws; to provide voting taxation.

the electorate. By custom, Parliament is also informed before all-important

international treaties and agreements are ratified.

in practice general elections are usually held before the end

of this term. Parliament is dissolved and rights for a general election are ordered by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister.

usually lasts for one year – normally beginning and ending

in October or November. The adverse number of "sitting" days in a session is about 168 in the House of Commons and about 150 in the House of Lords.

to Parliament outlines the Government's policies and proposed legislative programmed.

Members of Parliament (MPs). At present there are 60 women,

three Asian and three black MPs. Of the 651 seats, 524 are for England, 38 for Wales, 72 for Scotland, and 17 for Northern Ireland. Members are paid an annual salary of ‡30,854 pounds.

Speaker, elected by the MPs to preside over the House.

The House of Commons plays the major role in law making.

for the governing party and the other for the opposition.

Parliament has intervals during its work. MPs are paid for their parliamentary work and have to attend the sittings.

to speak, then they rise from where they have been

sitting to address the House and must do so without either reading a prepared speech or consulting notes.

the Lords Temporal. The Lords Spiritual are the Archbishops of

Canterbury and York, and the 24 next most senior bishops of the Church of England. The Lords Temporal are all hereditary peers of England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom; all other life peers.

or other walks of life. In 1992 there were 1,211

members of the House of Lords, including the two archbishops and 24 bishops. The Lords Temporal consisted of 758 hereditary peers and 408 life peers. The House is presided over by the Lord Chancellor, who takes his place on the woolsack as the Speaker of the House.

some 700 years when feudal assembly ruled the country. In

modern times, real political power rests in the elected House although members of the House of Lords still occupy important cabinet posts.

political parties, each of which presents its policies to the

electorate for approval. The parties are not registered or formally recognized in law, but in practice most candidates in elections, and almost all winning candidates, belong to one of the main parties.

the Conservative Party and the Labor Party. A new party

– the Liberal Democrats – was formed in 1988. Social Democratic Party is also the new one founded in 1981. Other parties include two nationalist parties, Plaid Cymric (founded in Wales in 1925) and the Scottish National Party (founded in 1934).

on the relationship between the Government and the Opposition parties.

Depending on the relative strengths of the parties in the House of Commons, the Opposition may seek to overthrow the Government by defeating it in a vote on a "matter of confidence".

formation of policy and legislation by constructive criticism; to oppose

government proposal - it considers objectionable; to seek amendments to government bills; and to put forward its own policies in order to improve its chances of winning the next general election.

parties obtain seats in the House of Commons. People belonging

to smaller political parties join one of the larger parties and work from within to make their influence felt.

and Welsh Nationalist Parties, who, because their influence votes are

concentrated in specific geographical areas, can manage to win seats although their total support is relatively small.

is the body of ministers responsible for the administration of

national affairs. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Queen, and all other ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.

Government is also fully represented by ministers in the Lords.

The composition of governments can vary both in the number of ministers and in the titles of some offices. New ministerial offices maybe created, others may be abolished and functions may be transferred from one minister to another.

the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. The Prime

Minister's unique position of authority derives from majority support in the House of Commons and from the power to appoint and dismiss ministers. By modern convention, the Prime Minister always sits in the House of Commons.

the allocation of functions among ministers and informs the Queen

at regular meetings of the general business of the Government.
The Prime Minister's Office is situated at 11 Downing Street.

the Prime Minister. The functions of the Cabinet are initiating

and deciding on policy, the supreme control of government and the co-ordination of government departments.

fact that the Cabinet is a group of party representatives,

depending upon majority support in the House of Commons.

Its members are bound by their oath as Privy Counsellors

not to disclose information about its proceedings, although after 30 years Cabinet papers may be made available for inspection.

the Head of the State. But Queen or King rules

with the support of the parliament. And practically monarch have no real political power. The main political decisions are made by the Parliament and Cabinet. And the House of Commons are more powerful.

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