Климат

and variations of weather over a long period of time

(~30 years) but other periods may be used depending on the purpose. Climate also includes statistics other than the average, such as the magnitudes of day-to-day or year-to-year variations.
Therefore, climate is “the average and variations of weather over long periods of time”.

Above: Global average for atmospheric water vapor.

as follows:
Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as

the "average weather," or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system.[5]

the popular phrase "Climate is what you expect, weather is

what you get."[6]

defined in Ancient Greece to describe the weather depending upon a location's

latitude. Modern climate classification methods can be broadly divided into genetic methods, which focus on the causes of climate, and empiric methods, which focus on the effects of climate. Examples of genetic classification include methods based on the relative frequency of different air mass types or locations within synoptic weather disturbances. Examples of empiric classifications include climate zones defined by plant hardiness,[10] evapotranspiration,[11] or more generally theKöppen climate classification which was originally designed to identify the climates associated with certain biomes

masses. The Bergeron classification is the most widely accepted form

of air mass classification. Based upon the Bergeron classification scheme is the Spatial Synoptic Classification system (SSC). There are six categories within the SSC scheme: Dry Polar (similar to continental polar), Dry Moderate (similar to maritime superior), Dry Tropical (similar to continental tropical), Moist Polar (similar to maritime polar), Moist Moderate (a hybrid between maritime polar and maritime tropical), and Moist Tropical (similar to maritime tropical, maritime monsoon, or maritime equatorial).[14]

for classifying the world's climates. Most classification systems used today

are based on the one introduced in 1900 by the Russian-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen. Köppen divided the Earth's surface into climatic regions that generally coincided with world patterns of vegetation and soils.

based on the annual and monthly averages of temperature and

precipitation. Each type is designated by a capital letter. A - Moist Tropical Climates are known for their high temperatures year round and for their large amount of year round rain. B - Dry Climates are characterized by little rain and a huge daily temperature range. Two subgroups, S - semiarid or steppe, and W - arid or desert, are used with the B climates. C - In Humid Middle Latitude Climates land/water differences play a large part. These climates have warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. D - Continental Climates can be found in the interior regions of large land masses. Total precipitation is not very high and seasonal temperatures vary widely. E - Cold Climates describe this climate type perfectly.

at a given time (hours to days)

extent of snowfall as the seasons progress from Summer into

Winter and then back to Summer again.

years

other in different ways.
Land
Oceans
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Ice
The Climate System

warm water and wind help to form global ocean current

systems.

Art)
cc. Robert A. Rohde (Global Warming Art)
The temperature of the

Earth depends on the amount of energy we receive from the sun versus the amount of energy lost back out to space.

UK would be 2-3.5°C hotter on average.
cc. Robert A. Rohde

http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Global_Warming_Predictions_Map_jpg

bulbs
Shorter showers
Recycle «grey»water
Install solar panels
Walk or ride instead of taking

a vehicle

up^ C. W. Thornthwaite (1948). "An Approach Toward a Rational Classification of

Climate". Geographical Review 38 (1): 55–94.doi:10.2307/210739. JSTOR 210739.
Jump up^ "Climate". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
Jump up^ "Climate averages". Met Office. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
Jump up^ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Appendix I: Glossary. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
Jump up^ National Weather Service Office Tucson, Arizona. Main page.Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
Jump up^ Stefan Rahmstorf The Thermohaline Ocean Circulation: A Brief Fact Sheet. Retrieved on 2008-05-02.