Методическая разработка "Glossary of Art Movements"

and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the

development of French art since Manet. Post-Impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid colours, thick application of paint, distinctive brush strokes, and real-life subject matter, but they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour.
Representatives: Paul Cezanne, Vincent van Gogh, Georges Lemmen, Georges Seurant, Paul Ranson, Pierre Bonnard, Henri Edmond Cross.

Georges Lemmen (1865–1916)
„ Beach at Heist“

Pierre Bonnard (1867–1947)
“The Dining Room in the Country”

pure colour are applied in patterns to form an image
Georges

Seurat developed the technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism.  Neo-impressionism and Divisionism are also terms used to describe this technique of painting.
The painting technique is used to delineate texture.
Televisions and computer monitors use a similar technique to represent image colours using RGB colours.

or prehistoric peoples, such as Paul Gauguin's inclusion of Tahitian motifs in paintings

and ceramics.
The term "primitivism" is often applied to other professional painters working in the style of naïve or folk art like Henri Rousseau, Mikhail Larionov, Paul Klee, Sergey Zagraevsky, Picasso,  and others. 

originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century.

Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.
Representatives: August Macke, Franz Mark, Amedeo Modigliani, Ernst Ludvig Kirchner, Otto Mueller.

Franz Mark
„Fighting Forms“

Ernst Ludvig Kirchner
„Nollendorfplatz“

Smock
Sunflowers

and color within a nonrepresentational framework. Jackson Pollock initiated the

revolutionary technique of splattering the paint directly on canvas to achieve the subconscious interpretation of the artist's inner vision of reality.
Representatives: Arshile Gorky, Richard Pousette-Dart, James Brooks, Robert Motherwell.

Richard Pousette-Dart
“Symphony No. 1, The Transcendental”

Helen Frankenthaler „Mountains and Sea“

his canvases on the floor. For this reason, one critic

called his work, appropriately enough, ‘Action Painting’. This description makes it plain what Pollock was doing: painting was an action, a real act, however trance-like. The painter could never predict what the final product would look like.

Eyes in the Heat

The Tea Cup

and early-20th century. The school originated in Europe, particularly Germany,

where it was interpreted differently, depending on the area. Broad similarities remained, though: decoratively curved lines and floral ornamentation. Both are timeless elements that can be found in many designs today.

Aubrey Beardsley „The Peacock Skirt“ Alphonse Mucha „Bieres De La Meuse“

wild beasts"), a short-lived and loose group of early twentieth-century

modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism. While Fauvism as a style began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910, the Movement as such lasted only a few years, 1904–1908, and had three exhibitions. The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and Andre Derain.

Henri Matisse “Landscape at Collioure”

of Fauvism with Henri Matisse.
In 30 paintings Derain put forth

a portrait of London that was radically different from anything done by previous painters of the city such as Whistler or Monet. With bold colors and compositions, Derain painted multiple pictures of the Thames and Tower Bridge. These London paintings remain among his most popular work

The Pool of London

Turning Road at L'Estaque

age and attempted to represent machines and figures in motion.

The aesthetics of Futurism affirmed the beauty of technological society.
The futurists strove to portray the dynamic character of 20th-century life; their works glorified danger, war, and the machine age, attacked academies, museums, and other establishment bastions, and, in theory at least, favored the growth of fascism.
Representatives: Giacomo Balla, Tullio Crali, Mario Sironi, Umberto Boccioni.

Umberto Boccioni “The City Rises”

representational art. Pablo Picasso and Georges Bracque penetrated the surface

of objects, stressing basic abstract geometric forms that presented the object from many angles simultaneously.
Representatives: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Juan Gris, D.M. Ross.

D.M. Ross. “Houses with Sun”

time of Cubism that focused on pure abstraction and bright

colors influenced by Fauvism and the dye chemist Eugene Chevreul. This movement was pioneered by the Delaunays, a couple who relaunched the use of color during the monochromatic Cubist movement.
Representatives: Robert Delaunay, Sonia Terk Delaunau.

Robert Delaunay “Champs de Mars. La Tour rouge.”

Vauxcelles in 1911 to describe the style of French artist

Fernand Leger. Meant as derision, the term was inspired by Léger's idiosyncratic version of Cubism, in which he emphasized Cylindrical shapes. The style was developed by Léger in his paintings of 1909–1919, such as Nudes in the Forest (1909-10) and The Card Players (1917)

Fernand Leger „The Railway Crossing“

in British art and poetry of the early 20th century.

It was based in London but international in make-up and ambition.
Representatives: Malcolm Arbuthnot, Lawrence Atkinson, David Bomberg, Alvin Langdon Coburn, Jessica Dismorr.

David Bomberg „The Mud Bath“

War I period, this anti-art movement extolled the irrational, the

absurd, the nihilistic, and the nonsensical. Typical were the elegant collages devised by Arp, Kurt Schwitters , and Max Ernst from refuse and scraps of paper, and Duchamp's
The movement is regarded as a precursor of Surrealism.This movement incorporates environment and spectators as active and important ingredients in the production of random events.

le cheval patte pelu.»

Fire Damps
and the Echinoderms Bending the Spine to Look

for Caresses”

Max Ernst. “The Fall of an Angel / La Chute d'un ange.”

1958 and end at 1975. The concept of pop art

did not refers too much to art itself. However, it is challenged tradition art and be influence by Dadaism. Different with Dada, Pop art start to relate art to our life. Audience can always find the topic that is popular in the current period is displayed on the artwork. Richard Hamilton, Keith Haring,Yayoi Kusama, Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol are the artists in Pop art.

Richard Hamilton's collage “Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appealing?”

Warhol

style of visual art that makes use of optical illusions.
It

is characterized by geometrical forms that create an optical illusion in which the eye is required to blend the colors at a certain distance.
Deriving from abstract expressionism, op art includes paintings concerned with surface kinetics. Colors were used in creating visual effects, such as afterimages and trompe-l'oeil. Vibrating colors, concentric circles, and pulsating moiré patterns were characteristic of op works by such artists as Victor Vasarely, Richard Anusziewicz, Bridget Riley, Yaacov Agam, and Larry Poons.

“Movement in Squares” Bridget Riley

Richard Anusziewicz
“Intrinsic Harmony”

squares nested inside one another to study the effects of

variations in color, size, and placement.

Homage to the Square

in waves across the painting’s surface.
Movement in squares
Cataract 3
White

Disks

early 1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks

and writings of the group members. A further development of Collage, Cubism, and Dada, this 20th-century movement stresses the weird, the fantastic, and the dreamworld of the subconscious.
Salvador Dali and Yves Tanguy used dreamlike perception of space and dream-inspired symbols such as melting watches and huge metronomes. Max Ernst and René Magritte constructed fantastic imagery from startling combinations of incongruous elements of reality painted with photographic attention to detail. These artists have been labeled as verists because their paintings involve transformations of the real world. “Absolute” surrealism depends upon images derived from psychic automatism, the subconscious, or spontaneous thought. Works by Joan Miro and André Masson are in this vein. The movement survived but was greatly diminished after World War II.

Max Ernst “The Elephant Celebes”

Roberto Matta „Elle Loge La Folie“

surrealists to elicit the unconscious is automatism. In painting, automatism

consisted of allowing the hand to wander across the canvas surface without any interference from the conscious mind. The resulting marks would not be random or meaningless, but would be guided at every point by the functioning of the artist’s unconscious mind, and not by rational thought or artistic training.

The Kill

(in particular the square and circle) which formed in Russia

in 1915-1916. It was not until later that suprematism received conventional museum preparations. It was founded by Kasimir Malevich.

„Black Square“
“Black Circle”
Malevich

„Supremus No. 58“
Malevich

late 20th and early 21st centuries. It has alternatively been

called "neo-geometric" or "neo-geo" art. Other terms include: Neo-Conceptualism, Neo-Futurism, Neo-Op, Neo-Pop, New Abstraction, Poptometry, Post-Abstractionism, Simulationism, and Smart Art.
Contemporary artists who have been linked to the term, or who have been included in shows employing it, include David Burdeny, Catharine Burgess, Marjan Eggermont, Paul Kuhn, Eve Leader, Tanya Rusnak, Daniel Ong, Laurel Smith

Roger Cardinal in 1972 as an English synonym for art

brut ("raw art" or "rough art"), a label created by French artist Jean Dubuffet to describe art created outside the boundaries of official culture; Dubuffet focused particularly on art by insane-asylum inmates.

Adolf Wölfli “Irren-Anstalt Band-Hain“

on a wall or other surface in a public place.

Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire.

on the use of geometric forms sometimes, though not always,

placed in non-illusionistic space and combined into non-objective (non-representational) compositions.
Artists who have worked extensively in geometric abstraction include Nadir Alfonso, Josef Albers, Richard Anuszkiewicz, Mino Argento, Sean Scully, Piet Mondrian.

Piet Mondrian “Composition No. 10”

the 1960s, best represented by the American artist Frank Stella.

As the name implies, the genre is about planned, simple forms and stripes that contribute to an overall colorful picture. This polychromism and color intensity, as done by Frank Stella, can be found in diverse logo designs today.

Richard Anuszkiewicz “Temple of the Radiant Yellow” Theo van Doesburg “Counter-Composition V.”

school has an elegance of form, sparsity of material and

strength of color. Art Deco is distinguished for its stylized representation of shapes. Art Deco artists seemed to use the geometric rules of architecture. One of those artists was A. M. Cassandre, who became popular for his logo design for Yves Saint Laurent. His poster design Pivolo is highly representative of Art Deco. The aesthetic has been adopted by Miau and Machine for their corporate identities.

Tamara de Lempicka „The Musician“

Michael Kungl „Americana Deco Coffee“

resembling a high-resolution photograph.
The Hyperrealist style focuses much more of

its emphasis on details and the subjects.