Past Perfect Tense

момента в прошлом.
I called Jim too late, he had already left.
Я позвонил Джиму

слишком поздно, он уже ушел.

действие по отношению к моменту, также являющемуся прошедшим. Этот момент

может быть определен:

Present Simple

Past Simple

Past Perfect

такими обозначениями времени, как
by five o’clock к пяти часам
by Saturday к субботе
by the 15th of December к 15 декабря
by the end of the year к концу года
by that time к тому времени и т. п.:

другим (более поздним) прошедшим действием, выраженным в Past Simple:

Lucy had cooked the dinner when Bob came home.
Люси (уже) приготовила обед, когда Боб пришел домой.

We had translated the article by five o’clock.
Мы (уже) перевели статью к пяти часам.

Future Simple

to speak French.
К концу года он (уже) научился говорить по-французски.
We

examined the goods which they had sent us.
Мы осмотрели товары, которые они нам прислали.

(уже) написал письмо, когда я вошел?
Had they come back by

two o'clock yesterday?
Вчера они (уже) возвратились к двум часам?

книгу к субботе.
When we called for Julia, she hadn’t yet got up.
 Когда

мы зашли за Джулией, она еще не встала (была в постели).

в Past Perfect.
I ... (to have) breakfast before I went

to school.
I  … (not do) my homework.
By 8 o’clock the rain ... (to stop).
She went to the post-office after she ... (to write) the letter.
I apologized I … (not/phone) her.
He ... (to work) at the factory before he entered the college.
He got a bad mark for his test because he ... (to make) a lot of mistakes in it.
Mr. Jackson said that he … ( already/buy) everything for lunch.
John … (not play) the violin since he was school.
They ... (to marry) before they bought this house.

Упражнение 1

into one. Oпределите, какое действие произошло раньше. Объедините два предложения в

одно, не меняя части местами. Используйте BEFORE.

The rain stopped. I went for a walk.
I did my homework. My mother returned home.
We met in the street. We went to the park.
They packed their things. Then they started.
I had dinner. I switched on the TV set.
He returned home. The guests left.
We came to the cinema. The film began.
I read the book. I saw the play. 
They lived here. They moved to another place.
We played а game of tennis. We went to my place.

Упражнение 2

Example: I sent a telegram. Then I met my friend. — I had sent a telegram before I met my friend.

Perfect, обращая внимание на последовательность действий
When the police … (arrive), we already

… (catch) the thief.
Jack … (finish) the test before the bell … (ring).
When Anna … (come) to say good-night, her children already … (fall asleep).
Scott already … (prepare) the dinner when her husband … (get) home from work.
When Brad and Susan … (get married), they … (know) each other for 3 years.
She … (not enjoy) the film because she … (read) the book before.
Our apartment … (be) in a mess because I … (have) a birthday party the night before.
We … (not go) to a restaurant because we … (spend) all our money on clothes.
Mary … (can’t go) skating after she … (break) her leg.
Larry … (be late) because he … (get stuck) in a traffic jam.

Упражнение 3

Example: When my mum … (appear), my father already … (start) the car.  – When my mum appeared, my father had already started the car.
(Когда мама появилась, мой папа уже завел машину.)