Правила употребления артикля с гео­графическими названиями.

British Isles. It consists of four countries which are (3)

England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capital of the UK is (4) London. London is situated on (5) the river Thames.

are (6) Great Britain (where England, Scotland and Wales are

situated) and Ireland. Northern Ireland and (7) the independent Irish Republic is there. The two islands are separated by (8) the Irish Sea.
The UK is separated from the continent by (9) the English Channel and (10) the Strait of Dover. The nearest point to (11) Europe is the Strait of Dover. The UK is also washed by (12) the Atlantic Ocean in the north and (13) the North Sea in the east.

The White Cliffs of Dover are cliffs which form part of the British coastline facing the Strait of Dover and France.

just farmlands especially in the south of the country. The

biggest mountain in the UK is (14) Ben Nevis. The most famous lake is (15) Loch Ness. The longest river in the UK is (16) the Severn, at 220 miles (354 km). It begins in Wales and runs all the way through to England.

Loch Ness

(Южный полюс)
the Western Hemisphere (Западное полушарие)
the Eastern Hemisphere (восточное полушарие)
the

Arctic (Арктика)
the Antarctic (Антарктика)

Канады)
the Highlands
(северо-запад Шотландии)
the south of England
(юг Англии)
the Highlands

Philippines (Филиппины)
the Netherlands (Нидерланды)
the Unites States of America (США)
the Baltic

States (Прибалтика)

(республика), union (союз), federation (федерация):
the United Kingdom of Great Britain

and Northern Ireland
(Объединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии)
the Kingdom of Denmark
(Королевство Дании)

/ channels), водопады (waterfalls), течения (currents):

the Atlantic Ocean (Атлантический океан)
the

Pacific Ocean (Тихий океан)
the Indian Ocean (Индийский океан)
the Black Sea (Черное море)
the Dead Sea (Мертвое море)
the Red Sea (Красное море)
the Thames (Темза)
the Volga (Волга)
the Don (Дон)
the Suez Canal (Суэцкий канал)
the Victoria Fall (водопад Виктория)
the Niagara Fall (Ниагарский водопад)

(Селигер)
the Great Salt Lake (Большое соленое озеро)
Но если рядом с

названием озера используется слово lake определенный артикль с географическим названием здесь не нужен:

Lake Baikal (Озеро Байкал)
Lake Ontario (Озеро Онтарио)
Lake Geneva (Женевское озеро)

Isles (Британские острова)
the Bahamas (Багамы)
the Azores (Азорские острова)
the Falkland Islands (Фолклендские острова)

холмы)
the Apennines (Апеннины)
the Rocky Mountains (Скалистые горы)
the Andes (Анды)
the Urals

(Уральские горы)
the Alps (Альпы)
the Himalayas (Гималаи)

Sahara Desert (пустыня Сахара)
the Kalahari Desert (Калахари)
the Arabian Desert (Аравийская

пустыня)

предлогом of. Если ее нет, артикль не нужен:

the Gulf of

Mexico (Мексиканский залив)
the Gulf of Finland (Финский залив)
Но:

Persian Gulf (Персидский залив)
Hudson Bay (Гудзонский залив)
San Francisco Bay (Залив Сан-Франциско)

(cities), села (villages), штаты (states), провинции (provinces):

Ukraine
France
Spain
California

London

конструкции «the city of»:

the City of Moscow (город Москва)
the City

of Rome (город Рим)

River. ... Moscow is a river that moves very slowly.

There is ... canal called ... Moscow-Volga Canal which joins ... Moscow to ... Volga. ... Volga runs into ... Cas­pian Sea.

.... Moscow is situated on the Moscow River. The Moscow is a river that moves very slowly. There is a canal called the Moscow-Volga Canal which joins the Moscow to the Volga. The Volga runs into the Cas­pian Sea.

the east
in the west
to the north
to the south

to the east
to the west

by … Atlantic Ocean in… north.
…Kiev is to … south

of … Moscow.
… Europe is … continent.
Is … Asia … continent or .. Island?
… Black Sea is in … south of our country.
… White Sea is in … north of our country.

the Atlantic Ocean in the north.
…Kiev is to the south

of … Moscow.
… Europe is a continent.
Is … Asia a continent or an island?
The Black Sea is in the south of our country.
The White Sea is in the north of our country.