Слайд 2To tax is to impose a financial charge upon a
taxpayer by state.
Failure to pay is punishable by law.
Taxes consist
of direct tax (income tax) or indirect tax (sales tax), and may be paid in money or as its labor equivalent.
Слайд 3Tax collection is performed by a government agency the Internal
Revenue Service (IRS).
Слайд 4Purposes
Money provided by taxation has been used by states to
carry out many functions. Some of these include expenditures on
war, the enforcement of law and public order, protection of property, economic infrastructure (roads, legal tender, enforcement of contracts, etc.), public works, social engineering, and the operation of government itself.
Governments also use taxes to fund public services. These services can include education systems, health care systems, pensions for the elderly, unemployment benefits, and public transportation.
Слайд 5Levels and types of taxation
The United States has an assortment
of federal, state, local, and special purpose governmental jurisdictions.
Each
imposes taxes to fully or partly fund its operations.
These taxes may be imposed on the same income, property or activity.
The types of tax imposed at each level of government vary.
Слайд 6Income taxes are imposed at the federal and most state
levels.
Taxes on property are typically imposed only at the local
level.
Excise taxes are imposed by the federal and some state governments.
Sales taxes are imposed by most states and many local governments.
Слайд 7Taxpayers
Taxes may be imposed on
individuals (natural persons)
business entities
estates
trusts
other forms
of organization
Слайд 8Income tax
Taxes based on income are imposed at the federal,
most state, and some local levels within the United States.
The
U.S. income tax system imposes a tax based on income on individuals, corporations, estates, and trusts.
Слайд 9Income tax rates differ at the federal and state levels
for corporations and individuals.
Individuals are subject to federal graduated tax
rates from 10% to 35%.
Corporations are subject to federal graduated rates of tax from 15% to 35%.
State income tax rates vary from 1% to 16%, including local income tax.
Слайд 10Federal and state income tax is calculated, and returns filed,
for each taxpayer.
Two married individuals may calculate tax and
file returns jointly or separately.
Some people hire an accountant for tax calculations.
Слайд 11Payroll taxes
Payroll taxes are assessed by the federal government, all
fifty states, the District of Columbia, and numerous cities.
These
taxes are imposed on employers and employees and on various compensation bases.
They are collected and paid to the taxing jurisdiction by the employers.
Слайд 12Property taxes
Property tax is based on fair market value of
the subject property.
Most jurisdictions impose a tax on interests in
real property (land, buildings, and permanent improvements).
Слайд 13Penalties
Failure to timely and properly pay federal payroll taxes results
in an automatic penalty of 2% to 10%.
State and local
penalties vary by jurisdiction.
Слайд 14In some situations public can influence on taxes.
For example, if
one school district wants more money people vote whether they
pay more taxes for it or not.