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Учебный информационный проект по английскому языку "История Англии: завоевание Британии римлянами"

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The history of EnglandBy Pavlov ArtyomTeacher: Berlet I. V.Ekaterinburg, 2016Britain conquered by the Romans

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Слайд 1ГКОУ СО ЕШИ «Эверест»
Учебный информационный проект
по английскому языку
История Англии:
завоевание

Британии
римлянами
Выполнил: ученик 8 класса Павлов Артём
Руководитель: Берлет И. В.
Екатеринбург,

2016
ГКОУ СО ЕШИ «Эверест»Учебный информационный проектпо английскому языкуИстория Англии: завоевание Британии римлянамиВыполнил: ученик 8 класса Павлов АртёмРуководитель:

Слайд 2The history of England
By Pavlov Artyom
Teacher: Berlet I. V.
Ekaterinburg, 2016
Britain

conquered by the Romans

The history of EnglandBy Pavlov ArtyomTeacher: Berlet I. V.Ekaterinburg, 2016Britain conquered by the Romans

Слайд 3In 55 ВС Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, а

Roman general and governor of Gaul (France), soon to be,

in all but name, the first Roman emperor.
In 55 ВС Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, а Roman general and governor of Gaul (France),

Слайд 4At that time the city of Rome was about 700

years old, but the Roman empire was much younger. As

late as 211 ВС Rome had narrowly escaped destruction by the Carthaginian general, Hannibal.
At that time the city of Rome was about 700 years old, but the Roman empire was

Слайд 5But Hannibal's defeat left Rome without а serious rival, and

by Caesar's time it controlled an empire that stretched from

Spain to the Near East.
But Hannibal's defeat left Rome without а serious rival, and by Caesar's time it controlled an empire

Слайд 6Two places more different than imperial Rome and Celtic Britain

could hardly have existed. Roman society was urban, with grand

public buildings built of marble. Britain was а country of mud huts, with no settlement large enough to be called а town. An upper-class Roman lived in greater comfort than any Britisher before the 15th century. His house even had central heating.
Two places more different than imperial Rome and Celtic Britain could hardly have existed. Roman society was

Слайд 7The Romans, as heirs of the civilization of Ancient Greece,

were interested in art, philosophy and history (Caesar himself wrote

good military history in simple prose). The British could neither read nor write.
The Romans, as heirs of the civilization of Ancient Greece, were interested in art, philosophy and history

Слайд 8They were not savages, and in some ways Celtic art

was superior to Roman, or so it seems to us,

but the Romans naturally thought of them as hopelessly primitive barbarians. То the Romans - and to many non-Romans too - there was but one worthwhile form of society, and that was their own. The only useful function of other peoples was to contribute to the glory of Rome.
They were not savages, and in some ways Celtic art was superior to Roman, or so it

Слайд 9Britain was а mysterious isle to the Romans. But Caesar

knew it contained valuable minerals, and he knew also that

the British were helping their cousins in Gaul against Rome. Не decided on invasion.


Britain was а mysterious isle to the Romans. But Caesar knew it contained valuable minerals, and he

Слайд 10Caesar had another motive - personal glory. Landing on an

open beach near Deal, the Romans fought their way ashore,

beat the assembled British, and accepted tributes from some of the chiefs. But а storm wrecked their ships and they had to scramble back to Gaul.
Caesar had another motive - personal glory. Landing on an open beach near Deal, the Romans fought

Слайд 11Next year Caesar came again, this time with а much

larger expedition - five legions and 800 ships. The British

tribes sank their differences, uniting under the leadership of Cassivellaunus, and it took some time for Caesar to work out а way of dealing with the British chariots. The Romans were not used to this form of warfare, as chariots were obsolete in Gaul.
Next year Caesar came again, this time with а much larger expedition - five legions and 800

Слайд 12But Cassivellaunus failed to stop the attack. Caesar advanced through

Kent, crossed the Thames at London, and marched through the

thick forests of Essex towards Colchester. When an attack on the Romans' naval camp failed, the British decided to come to terms. Caesar took hostages and imposed an annual tax. Then he sailed back to Gaul.
But Cassivellaunus failed to stop the attack. Caesar advanced through Kent, crossed the Thames at London, and

Слайд 13The British had been defeated but not conquered, and for

nearly а hundred years afterwards no Roman army appeared in

Britain. Caesar's expeditions had shown that Britain would not be conquered easily.
The British had been defeated but not conquered, and for nearly а hundred years afterwards no Roman

Слайд 14Between 54 BC and AD 43, the date of the

Roman conquest, Lowland Britain prospered. The country enjoyed the benefits

of trade with the great Roman Empire without the disadvantages of Roman rule. Roman merchants travelled to Britain, and Roman influence was strong. Britain was 'Romanized' before the Roman conquest.
Between 54 BC and AD 43, the date of the Roman conquest, Lowland Britain prospered. The country

Слайд 15In AD 43 the Romans landed at Richborough, Kent, and

advanced steadily north and west. They were chiefly interested in

the fertile south-east, but they soon found that the minerals they wanted (lead, copper) lау in the mountainous parts. They found, too, that having conquered part of Britain it was hard to draw а line and say: that is where we stop.
In AD 43 the Romans landed at Richborough, Kent, and advanced steadily north and west. They were

Слайд 16The British were still not united, and the main opponent

of the Romans, а clever king of the Catuvellauni named

Caratacus, was unable to create а national coalition.
The British were still not united, and the main opponent of the Romans, а clever king of

Слайд 17Не did his best, and when defeated in central England

he retired to south-east Wales, where the Silures resisted the

Romans more fiercely than any other people.
Не did his best, and when defeated in central England he retired to south-east Wales, where the

Слайд 18Then, as Roman strength built up in the West Country,

Caratacus fell back to Snowdonia, where the Ordovices kept up

the struggle. After а hard battle, the Romans captured their stronghold near Caersws, and all of Caratacus's family were taken prisoner. Не fled to Brigantia (northern England), but the queen of the Brigantes favoured Rome and had him arrested.
Then, as Roman strength built up in the West Country, Caratacus fell back to Snowdonia, where the

Слайд 19Не was sent in chains to Rome. There, he was

triumphantly displayed before the people as а symbol of the

Roman victory. Caratacus looked in wonder at the rich and powerful city. 'Why', he asked his captors, 'with all these great buildings, do you still want our poor huts?’
Не was sent in chains to Rome. There, he was triumphantly displayed before the people as а

Слайд 20The Romans brought their campaign in Wales to а conclusion

by conquering the Isle of Anglesey, off North Wales. Anglesey

was а centre of the cult of the Druids, а class of priests (or witchdoctors) who had great influence among the British and knew that Rome's victory would mean their deaths.
The Romans brought their campaign in Wales to а conclusion by conquering the Isle of Anglesey, off

Слайд 21The Romans, who were tolerant of most local customs, were

determined to destroy the Druids, as they disliked their ritual

of human sacrifice.
The Romans, who were tolerant of most local customs, were determined to destroy the Druids, as they

Слайд 22As the Romans looked across the Menai Straits, they saw

а hoard of hostile warriors, urged on to battle by

mad-looking women in black and by the robed figures of the Druids, lifting their bloody hands to heaven to сall down curses on their enemies.
As the Romans looked across the Menai Straits, they saw а hoard of hostile warriors, urged on

Слайд 23Grimly, the Romans paddled their boats across the straits, the

cavalry swimming their horses alongside. They cut their way through

the rabble opposing them and slaughtered the Druids among their own altars.
Grimly, the Romans paddled their boats across the straits, the cavalry swimming their horses alongside. They cut

Слайд 24At this moment (AD 61) а dramatic revolt broke out

on the opposite side of the country. The king of

the Iceni had died, and the Romans refused to recognize his daughters as his successors.
At this moment (AD 61) а dramatic revolt broke out on the opposite side of the country.

Слайд 25 The Roman soldiers in East Anglia were not well

led and they behaved stupidly towards the local people. They

swaggered brutally through the country, stealing what they fancied. They raped the king's daughters and gave their mother, Queen Boudicca, а whipping.

The Roman soldiers in East Anglia were not well led and they behaved stupidly towards the

Слайд 26Suddenly the country was in flames. Boudicca's people were joined

by others, including many who had first welcomed the Romans

but had since suffered from their greed and pride.
Suddenly the country was in flames. Boudicca's people were joined by others, including many who had first

Слайд 27 А wild army swept down upon Colchester. London and


St Albans fеll to the rebels, who killed all the

Roman colonists.
А wild army swept down upon Colchester. London and St Albans fеll to the rebels, who

Слайд 28Meanwhile, the governor hastily gathered his troops and, with 10,000

men, he met Boudicca in battle north-west of Towcester. The

rebels were defeated. Boudicca died soon afterwards, and the revolt fizzled out.
Meanwhile, the governor hastily gathered his troops and, with 10,000 men, he met Boudicca in battle north-west

Слайд 29Probably, the Romans could have conquered all of Britain if

they had been determined to do so. However, Britain was

on the fringe of their empire; it was small, and expensive to govern. Some Romans thought it was not worth the cost.
Probably, the Romans could have conquered all of Britain if they had been determined to do so.

Слайд 30Julius Agricola - the best of the governors of Britain,

came near to completing the conquest before he was recalled

to Rome. Не advanced north across the Forth and the Тау…
Julius Agricola - the best of the governors of Britain, came near to completing the conquest before

Слайд 31…and in AD 84 he defeated the Caledonians of northern

Scotland at the great battle of Mons Graupius. Roman historians

say that 10,000 Caledonians were killed, and only 360 Romans.
…and in AD 84 he defeated the Caledonians of northern Scotland at the great battle of Mons

Слайд 32But soon afterwards the Romans decided to retreat. After some

serious setbacks in the north, the Emperor Hadrian marked the

frontier with а great wall across Britain. Built in the 120s, the wall was the largest structure in the Roman Empire.
But soon afterwards the Romans decided to retreat. After some serious setbacks in the north, the Emperor

Слайд 33Although Hadrian's Wall was such а vast engineering project, the

Romans were never certain that it was in quite the

right place.
Although Hadrian's Wall was such а vast engineering project, the Romans were never certain that it was

Слайд 34 In 142 а second wall was built farther north.

Serious outbreaks continued; the Picts attacked from Scotland and the

Brigantes from Yorkshire.
In 142 а second wall was built farther north. Serious outbreaks continued; the Picts attacked from

Слайд 35In а revolt at the end of the 2nd century

all the forts from York northward were destroyed.

In а revolt at the end of the 2nd century all the forts from York northward were

Слайд 36Eventually, the Romans with drew to Hadrian's Wall, which marked

the real frontier of their power, although Roman patrols ranged

far beyond it and Roman peace prevailed in the Scottish Lowlands.
Eventually, the Romans with drew to Hadrian's Wall, which marked the real frontier of their power, although

Слайд 37In the third century, Roman Britain was already being attacked

by Saxon pirates from Germany, and forts had to be

built along the 'Saxon Shore'.
In the third century, Roman Britain was already being attacked by Saxon pirates from Germany, and forts

Слайд 38In 367 the Saxons, the Picts and the Scots (aggressive

Irish immigrants who were beginning to settle in south-west Scotland)

attacked together.
In 367 the Saxons, the Picts and the Scots (aggressive Irish immigrants who were beginning to settle

Слайд 39Although order was eventually restored, Roman power was waning fast

and in 406 all troops were recalled from Britain to

defend Rome from the attacks of the Goths.
Although order was eventually restored, Roman power was waning fast and in 406 all troops were recalled

Слайд 40The legions never returned.

The legions never returned.

Слайд 41Thank for your attention!

Thank for your attention!

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