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THERMAL PHYSICS
Содержание
- 1. THERMAL PHYSICS
- 2. Thermodynamic Process and 1st Law of Thermodynamics
- 3. Learning Objectivesunderstand and describe principles of work of heat enginesrecall and apply
- 4. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsThere are many processes
- 5. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
- 6. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsIf you put a
- 7. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsCoffee cups and glasses
- 8. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsThe air in a
- 9. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsThese processes do not
- 10. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsThe 1st law of
- 11. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsThe second law of
- 12. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsAccording to Rudolf J.E.
- 13. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsThe engine statement is
- 14. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsThe refrigerator statement is
- 15. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsThe development of a
- 16. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsA heat engine is
- 17. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsThe second law of
- 18. 2nd Law of ThermodynamicsThe 2nd law tells
- 19. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
- 20. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
- 21. Reversible and Irreversible ProcessThermodynamic processes that occur
- 22. Reversible and Irreversible ProcessThe flow of heat
- 23. Reversible and Irreversible ProcessA system that undergoes
- 24. Reversible and Irreversible ProcessReversible processes are thus
- 25. Reversible and Irreversible Process
- 26. Reversible and Irreversible Process
- 27. Скачать презентанцию
Thermodynamic Process and 1st Law of Thermodynamics
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 3Learning Objectives
understand and describe principles of work of heat engines
recall
and apply
Слайд 42nd Law of Thermodynamics
There are many processes in thermodynamics that
are consistent with the first law but are nonetheless impossible.
Слайд 62nd Law of Thermodynamics
If you put a layer of salt
in a jar and cover it with a layer of
similar-sized grains of pepper, when you shake it you get a thorough mixture. But no matter how long you shake it, the mixture does not separate into layers again.
Слайд 72nd Law of Thermodynamics
Coffee cups and glasses break spontaneously if
you drop them. But they don’t go back together spontaneously.
The
spontaneous (without the action of another agent) transfer of thermal energy from a cold body to hotter body
Слайд 82nd Law of Thermodynamics
The air in a room suddenly occupying
just one half of the room and leaving the other
half empty.A glass of water at room temperature suddenly freezing, causing the temperature of the room to rise
Слайд 92nd Law of Thermodynamics
These processes do not open happen because
they are forbidden by a very special law of physics
– the second law of thermodynamics.
Слайд 102nd Law of Thermodynamics
The 1st law of thermodynamics (conservation of
energy) would not be violated any of these processes.
To explain
this lack of reversibility, scientists in the latter half of the 19th century formulated a new principle known as the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
Слайд 112nd Law of Thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics describes the
directionality of natural thermodynamic processes.
It can be stated in several
equivalent forms.
Слайд 122nd Law of Thermodynamics
According to Rudolf J.E. Clausius (1822 –
1888)
“heat can flow spontaneously from a hot object to a
cold object ; heat will not flow spontaneously from a cold object to a hot object”
Слайд 132nd Law of Thermodynamics
The engine statement is that “no cyclic
process can convert heat completely into work”.
Слайд 142nd Law of Thermodynamics
The refrigerator statement is that “no cyclic
process can transfer heat from a colder place to a
hotter place with no input of mechanical work”.
Слайд 152nd Law of Thermodynamics
The development of a general statement of
the second law of thermodynamics was based partly on the
study of heat engines.
Слайд 162nd Law of Thermodynamics
A heat engine is any device that
changes thermal energy into mechanical work, such as steam engines
and automobile engines.
Слайд 172nd Law of Thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics can also
be stated in terms of the concept of entropy, a
quantitative measure of the degree of disorder or randomness of a system.
Слайд 182nd Law of Thermodynamics
The 2nd law tells us that as
the time moves forward, the disorder in the universe increases.
Слайд 21Reversible and Irreversible Process
Thermodynamic processes that occur in nature are
all irreversible process. These are processes that proceed spontaneously in
one direction but not the other.
Слайд 22Reversible and Irreversible Process
The flow of heat from a hot
body to a cooler body is irreversible.
Sliding a book across
a table converts mechanical energy into heat by friction; this is irreversible, for no one has ever observe the reverse process.
Слайд 23Reversible and Irreversible Process
A system that undergoes an “idealized” reversible
process is always very close to being in thermodynamic equilibrium
within itself and with its surroundings.
Слайд 24Reversible and Irreversible Process
Reversible processes are thus equilibrium processes, with
the system always in thermodynamic equilibrium.
A reversible process is an
idealization that can never be precisely attained in real world.
