Warm-Up

Содержание

1. Warm-Up
2. Chapter 42 – Part ICirculation
3. What you need to know:Circulatory vessels, heart
4. Transport systems (circulation) linked with gas exchange
5. Circulatory System = Blood + Vessels +
6. Figure 42.10aEndotheliumArterySmoothmuscleConnectivetissueCapillaryValveVeinBasal laminaEndotheliumSmoothmuscleConnectivetissueVenuleArteriole
7. Types of Blood Vesselsarteriolesvenules
8. Blood enters through an atrium and is
9. Double circulation pathways in vertebrates
10. Pathway of blood through heart
11. Superior vena cavaPulmonaryarteryCapillariesof right lungPulmonaryveinAortaInferiorvena cavaRight ventricleCapillaries
12. Cardiac cycleSystole: contraction or pumping phaseDiastole: relaxation
13. Figure 42.8-30.1sec0.4sec0.3 sec213
14. Valves: prevent backflow of blood The atrioventricular
15. Sinoatrial (SA) node: pacemaker of heart, in right atrium
16. The pacemaker is regulated by two portions
17. Blood PressureBP = systolic/diastolic pressureSystolic: heart contractsDiastolic:
18. Blood pressure reading: 120/7012070SoundsstopSoundsaudible instethoscope120Arteryclosed123Using a Sphygmomanometer
19. Direction of blood flowin vein (toward heart)Valve
20. Lymphatic System: returns lost fluid and proteins
21. BloodPlasma (55%) – water, ions, proteins, gases,
22. Figure 42.17Plasma 55%ConstituentMajor functionsWaterIons (bloodelectrolytes)SodiumPotassiumCalciumMagnesiumChlorideBicarbonateSolvent forcarrying othersubstancesOsmotic
23. Figure 42.18Collagen fibers123PlateletPlateletplugFibrinclotFibrin clot formationRed blood cell5
24. Cardiovascular DiseaseAtherosclerosis: buildup of plaque deposits within
25. Lumen of arterySmoothmuscleEndotheliumPlaqueSmoothmusclecellT lymphocyteExtra-cellularmatrixFoam cellMacrophagePlaque ruptureLDLCholesterolFibrous cap1243Figure 42.20
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Chapter 42 – Part ICirculation

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Слайд 1Warm-Up
(Ch. 41) List the locations where each of the 4

macromolecules are chemically digested.
(Ch. 41) Where do vertebrates store excess

calories?
(Ch. 42) Draw and label the structure of a human heart.
(Ch. 42) List the pathway of a single red blood cell through the heart.

Warm-Up(Ch. 41) List the locations where each of the 4 macromolecules are chemically digested.(Ch. 41) Where do

Слайд 2Chapter 42 – Part I
Circulation

Слайд 3What you need to know:
Circulatory vessels, heart chambers, route of

mammalian circulation
Evolution of the heart from 24 chambers
How RBC’s demonstrate

structure/function
Blood pressure
Cardiovascular disease (Roles of diet, BP, genetics)

What you need to know:Circulatory vessels, heart chambers, route of mammalian circulationEvolution of the heart from 24

Слайд 4Transport systems (circulation) linked with gas exchange (respiration)
Diffusion of gases

only rapid across small distances
Basic:
Cells in direct contact with environment
Ex.

sponges

Gastrovascular Cavity:
For digestion & distribute substances
Ex. jellies, flatworms

Circulatory System:
Moves fluid to tissues & cells for exchange
Ex. larger animals

Transport systems (circulation) linked with gas exchange (respiration) Diffusion of gases only rapid across small distancesBasic:Cells in

Слайд 5Circulatory System = Blood + Vessels + Heart
Open circulatory system:

blood bathes organs directly
Blood + lymph = hemolymph
Heart pumps hemolymph

into sinuses
Ex. arthropods, mollusks

Closed circulatory system: blood contained in vessels & pumped around body
Blood and fluid separate
Ex. annelids, cephalopods, vertebrates

Circulatory System = Blood + Vessels + HeartOpen circulatory system: blood bathes organs directlyBlood + lymph =

Слайд 6Figure 42.10a
Endothelium
Artery
Smooth
muscle
Connective
tissue
Capillary
Valve
Vein
Basal lamina
Endothelium
Smooth
muscle
Connective
tissue
Venule
Arteriole

Figure 42.10aEndotheliumArterySmoothmuscleConnectivetissueCapillaryValveVeinBasal laminaEndotheliumSmoothmuscleConnectivetissueVenuleArteriole

Слайд 7Types of Blood Vessels
arterioles
venules

Слайд 8Blood enters through an atrium and is pumped out through

a ventricle
Fish = single circulation pathway, 2 chambers
Double circulation: amphibians,

reptiles, mammals

Blood enters through an atrium and is pumped out through a ventricleFish = single circulation pathway, 2

Слайд 9Double circulation pathways in vertebrates

Слайд 10Pathway of blood through heart

Слайд 11Superior vena cava
Pulmonary
artery
Capillaries
of right lung
Pulmonary
vein
Aorta
Inferior
vena cava
Right ventricle
Capillaries of
abdominal organs
and hind

limbs
Right atrium
Aorta
Left ventricle
Left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary
artery
Capillaries
of left lung
Capillaries of
head and forelimbs
Figure

42.6

Superior vena cavaPulmonaryarteryCapillariesof right lungPulmonaryveinAortaInferiorvena cavaRight ventricleCapillaries ofabdominal organsand hind limbsRight atriumAortaLeft ventricleLeft atriumPulmonary veinPulmonaryarteryCapillariesof left lungCapillaries

Слайд 12Cardiac cycle
Systole: contraction or pumping phase
Diastole: relaxation or filling phase

Heart

rate: # beats/minute (72 bpm resting)
Stroke volume: amount of blood

pumped by L. ventricle during contraction (~70 ml)

Cardiac cycleSystole: contraction or pumping phaseDiastole: relaxation or filling phaseHeart rate: # beats/minute (72 bpm resting)Stroke volume:

Слайд 13Figure 42.8-3
0.1
sec
0.4
sec
0.3 sec
2
1
3

Слайд 14Valves: prevent backflow of blood
The atrioventricular (AV) valves (tricuspid, bicuspid)

separate each atrium and ventricle
The semilunar valves control blood flow

to the aorta and the pulmonary artery
“Lub-dup” sound = blood against closed AV valves (lub) / the semilunar (dup) valves
Heart murmur: backflow of blood through a defective valve

Valves: prevent backflow of blood The atrioventricular (AV) valves (tricuspid, bicuspid) separate each atrium and ventricleThe semilunar

Слайд 15Sinoatrial (SA) node: pacemaker of heart, in right atrium

Слайд 16The pacemaker is regulated by two portions of the nervous

system: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
The sympathetic division speeds up

the pacemaker
The parasympathetic division slows down the pacemaker
The pacemaker is also regulated by hormones (epinephrine) and temperature

The pacemaker is regulated by two portions of the nervous system: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisionsThe sympathetic

Слайд 17Blood Pressure
BP = systolic/diastolic pressure
Systolic: heart contracts
Diastolic: heart relaxed
Normal: 120/70

Pulse:

rhythmic bulging of artery walls with each heartbeat

Blood PressureBP = systolic/diastolic pressureSystolic: heart contractsDiastolic: heart relaxedNormal: 120/70Pulse: rhythmic bulging of artery walls with each

Слайд 18Blood pressure reading: 120/70
120
70
Sounds
stop
Sounds
audible in
stethoscope
120
Artery
closed
1
2
3
Using a Sphygmomanometer

Слайд 19Direction of blood flow
in vein (toward heart)
Valve (open)
Skeletal muscle
Valve (closed)
Figure

42.13
Blood returning to heart through veins and venules

Direction of blood flowin vein (toward heart)Valve (open)Skeletal muscleValve (closed)Figure 42.13Blood returning to heart through veins and

Слайд 20Lymphatic System: returns lost fluid and proteins to blood as

lymph
Lymph Nodes: filter lymph, house WBC’s
Immune system role

Lymphatic System: returns lost fluid and proteins to blood as lymphLymph Nodes: filter lymph, house WBC’sImmune system

Слайд 21Blood
Plasma (55%) – water, ions, proteins, gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones
Cells

(45%) – RBC, WBC, platelets
Develop from stem cells in bone

marrow
Red blood cells (erythrocytes): O2 transport via hemoglobin
White blood cells (leukocytes): fight infection
Platelets (cell fragments): blood clotting

BloodPlasma (55%) – water, ions, proteins, gases, nutrients, wastes, hormonesCells (45%) – RBC, WBC, plateletsDevelop from stem

Слайд 22Figure 42.17
Plasma 55%
Constituent
Major functions
Water
Ions (blood
electrolytes)
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Solvent for
carrying other
substances
Osmotic balance,
pH buffering,
and regulation
of

membrane
permeablity
Plasma proteins
Osmotic balance,
pH buffering
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Immunoglobulins
(antibodies)
Clotting
Defense
Substances transported by blood
Nutrients
Waste products
Respiratory gases
Hormones
Separated
blood
elements
Basophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Platelets
Erythrocytes (red

blood cells)

5–6 million

250,000–400,000

Blood
clotting

Transport
of O2 and
some CO2

Defense and
immunity

Functions

Number per L
(mm3) of blood

Cell type

Cellular elements 45%

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

5,000–10,000

Figure 42.17Plasma 55%ConstituentMajor functionsWaterIons (bloodelectrolytes)SodiumPotassiumCalciumMagnesiumChlorideBicarbonateSolvent forcarrying othersubstancesOsmotic balance,pH buffering,and regulationof membranepermeablityPlasma proteinsOsmotic balance,pH bufferingAlbuminFibrinogenImmunoglobulins(antibodies)ClottingDefenseSubstances transported by bloodNutrientsWaste

Слайд 23Figure 42.18
Collagen fibers
1
2
3
Platelet
Platelet
plug
Fibrin
clot
Fibrin clot formation
Red blood cell
5 m
Clotting factors from:
Platelets
Damaged

cells
Plasma (factors include calcium, vitamin K)
Enzymatic cascade
Prothrombin
Thrombin
Fibrinogen
Fibrin


Figure 42.18Collagen fibers123PlateletPlateletplugFibrinclotFibrin clot formationRed blood cell5 mClotting factors from:PlateletsDamaged cellsPlasma (factors include calcium, vitamin K)Enzymatic cascadeProthrombinThrombinFibrinogenFibrin

Слайд 24Cardiovascular Disease
Atherosclerosis: buildup of plaque deposits within arteries
Heart attack (myocardial

infarction): blockage of one or more coronary arteries
Stroke: rupture or

blockage of arteries in the head
Hypertension: high blood pressure; promotes atherosclerosis and increases the risk of heart attack and stroke

Cardiovascular DiseaseAtherosclerosis: buildup of plaque deposits within arteriesHeart attack (myocardial infarction): blockage of one or more coronary

Слайд 25Lumen of artery
Smooth
muscle
Endothelium
Plaque
Smooth
muscle
cell
T lymphocyte
Extra-
cellular
matrix
Foam cell
Macrophage
Plaque rupture
LDL
Cholesterol
Fibrous cap
1
2
4
3
Figure 42.20

Lumen of arterySmoothmuscleEndotheliumPlaqueSmoothmusclecellT lymphocyteExtra-cellularmatrixFoam cellMacrophagePlaque ruptureLDLCholesterolFibrous cap1243Figure 42.20

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Warm-Up

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Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1Warm-Up(Ch. 41) List the locations where each of the 4

macromolecules are chemically digested.(Ch. 41) Where do vertebrates store excess

Слайд 2Chapter 42 – Part ICirculation

Слайд 3What you need to know:Circulatory vessels, heart chambers, route of

mammalian circulationEvolution of the heart from 24 chambersHow RBC’s demonstrate

Слайд 4Transport systems (circulation) linked with gas exchange (respiration) Diffusion of gases

only rapid across small distancesBasic:Cells in direct contact with environmentEx.

Слайд 5Circulatory System = Blood + Vessels + HeartOpen circulatory system:

blood bathes organs directlyBlood + lymph = hemolymphHeart pumps hemolymph

Слайд 6Figure 42.10aEndotheliumArterySmoothmuscleConnectivetissueCapillaryValveVeinBasal laminaEndotheliumSmoothmuscleConnectivetissueVenuleArteriole

Слайд 7Types of Blood Vesselsarteriolesvenules

Слайд 8Blood enters through an atrium and is pumped out through

a ventricleFish = single circulation pathway, 2 chambersDouble circulation: amphibians,

Слайд 9Double circulation pathways in vertebrates

Слайд 10Pathway of blood through heart

Слайд 11Superior vena cavaPulmonaryarteryCapillariesof right lungPulmonaryveinAortaInferiorvena cavaRight ventricleCapillaries ofabdominal organsand hind

limbsRight atriumAortaLeft ventricleLeft atriumPulmonary veinPulmonaryarteryCapillariesof left lungCapillaries ofhead and forelimbsFigure

Слайд 12Cardiac cycleSystole: contraction or pumping phaseDiastole: relaxation or filling phaseHeart

rate: # beats/minute (72 bpm resting)Stroke volume: amount of blood

Слайд 13Figure 42.8-30.1sec0.4sec0.3 sec213

Слайд 14Valves: prevent backflow of blood The atrioventricular (AV) valves (tricuspid, bicuspid)

separate each atrium and ventricleThe semilunar valves control blood flow

Слайд 15Sinoatrial (SA) node: pacemaker of heart, in right atrium

Слайд 16The pacemaker is regulated by two portions of the nervous

system: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisionsThe sympathetic division speeds up

Слайд 17Blood PressureBP = systolic/diastolic pressureSystolic: heart contractsDiastolic: heart relaxedNormal: 120/70Pulse:

rhythmic bulging of artery walls with each heartbeat

Слайд 18Blood pressure reading: 120/7012070SoundsstopSoundsaudible instethoscope120Arteryclosed123Using a Sphygmomanometer

Слайд 19Direction of blood flowin vein (toward heart)Valve (open)Skeletal muscleValve (closed)Figure

42.13Blood returning to heart through veins and venules