Слайд 1French borrowings
In English
5508 group
Слайд 2The periodization of borrowings
In XII-XV centuries the leader of borrowings
is the sphere related to the description of human feelings,
because there is an increase of interest to the person. During this period the words related to military and science also were borrowed.
The Norman conquest has found its reflection also in vocabulary related to school training, science and learning.
By the end of XV century the quantity of the words describing the various phenomena of industry, trade, political life appeared.
Слайд 3Means of borrowing
Phonetical borrowings: corps, echelon, brochure, chateau, bureau, ragout,
cuisine
Translation loans: literature, empire, government, manœuvre
Semantic borrowings: sky-scrapper
Morthemic borrowings: ignorance,
princess, government
Слайд 4Borrowing of French words
There are the following semantic groups of
French borrowings:
words related to government : empire, state, government;
words related to military affairs: army, soldier, battle;
words related to jury: advocate, petition, sentence;
words related to fashion: luxury, collar;
words related to jewelry: topaz, pearl ;
words related to food and cooking: dinner, appetite.
Слайд 5The degree of assimilation of borrowings
Completely assimilated borrowings
Partly assimilated borrowings:
Non-assimilated
semantically
Non-assimilated grammaticaly
Non-assimilated phonetically
Non-assimilated (called ‘barbarisms’)
Слайд 6Completely assimilated
borrowings
Army – arm (корень от фр. armée) +
y (diminutive suffixe)
Soldier – sold (корень от фр. soldat) +
i (?) + er (suffixe)
State – stat (корень от фр. status) + e (ending)
Empire – от фр. empire
Dinner – от фр. dinner
Petition – от фр. pétition
Collar – col (корень от фр. col) + lar (suffixe)
Appetite –от фр. appetite
Pearl – от фр. perles
Advocate – ad (prefixe) +voc (корень от фр. avocat) + ate (Romanic suffixe)
Battle – bat (корень от фр. bataille) + tle (suf)
Слайд 7Semantic groups of the partly-assimilated borrowings
Words were borrowed from French
into English after 1650, mainly through the French literature, but
they are not as numerous and many of them are not completely assimilated. There are the following semantic groups of these borrowings:
words related to literature and music: belle-lettres, brochure, nuance;
words related to military affairs: corps, echelon, manouvre
words related to buildings and furniture: chateau, bureau;
words related to food and cooking: ragout, cuisine.
Слайд 8Partly assimilated borrowings:
Brochure – от фр. brochure
Government - от фр.
gouvernement
Topaz – от фр. topaze
Belle-lettres – от фр. belle-lettres
Nuance –
от фр. nuance
Echelon – от фр. echelon
Manoeuvre – от фр. manoeuvre
Bureau – от фр. bureau
Слайд 9Non-assimilated phonetically:
Corps – от фр. Corps
Belle-lettres – от фр.
belle-lettres
Слайд 10Non-assimilated semantically:
Ragout – от франц ragoût
Cuisine – от фр
Cuisine
Слайд 11Ways of borrowing
Historical ways
Psychological factors
Development of the literature
Development of science
and technology
Слайд 12Historical ways of borrowing
Norman conquests gave to the English language:
words
related to military affairs: army, soldier, battle;
words related to
government : empire, state, government;
words related to food and cooking: dinner
Слайд 13Psycological factors
Many borrowing from French appeared in this period because
after about 1250 there were more French speakers who began
speaking English — remember the loss of Normandy in 1204.
words related to government : government, state, empire
words related to jury: advocate, petition
words related to military affairs: army, battle, soldier
words related to fashion: collar,
words related to jewelry: topaz, pearl;
words related to food and cooking: appetite
Слайд 14The development of the literature
words related to literature and music:
belle-lettres, brochure, nuance;
words related to military affairs: corps, echelon,
manoeuvre;
words related to buildings and furniture: chateau, bureau;
words related to food and cooking: ragout, cuisine.
Слайд 15The development of science and technology
This tendency gives berth to
neologisms:
Discotheque (от фр. discothèque)
Cinematheque (от фр. cinémathèque)
Government (от фр. gouvernement)
Слайд 16The stylistics and connotation of borrowings.
Words related to government
:
empire - written speech; literary language; conn.-elevated
state – spoken/written
speech; literary language; conn.-neutral;
government – spoken/written speech; literary language; in the domain of politics; conn.-neutral
Слайд 17Words related to military affairs:
army – spoken/written speech; literary
language; conn. - neutral;
soldier – spoken/written speech; literary language;
conn.-neutral;
battle - written speech; literary language; conn.-elevated
corps - written speech; literary language; conn.-elevated
echelon - written speech; literary language; conn.-elevated
manoeuvre - spoken\ written speech; literary language; conn.-neutral;
Слайд 18Words related to jury:
advocate – spoken/written speech; literary language; conn.-neutral;
petition
- written speech; literary language; marked.
sentence - written speech;
literary language; conn.-neutral
Слайд 19Words related to fashion:
luxury - spoken speech; colloquial;
collar
- spoken speech ; colloquial; conn.-neutral
Слайд 20Words related to jewelry:
topaz - written speech; literary language; conn.-neutral;
pearl - written speech; literary language; conn.-neutral
Слайд 21Words related to food and cooking:
dinner – spoken/written speech; literary
language; conn.-neutral;
appetite – spoken/written speech; literary language; conn.-neutral;
ragout - spoken
speech; colloquial; conn.-neutral
cuisine - written speech; literary language; conn.-elevated;
Слайд 22Words related to literature
belle-lettres - written speech; literary language; language
of linguists;conn.-elevated;
brochure – spoken/written speech; literary language; conn.-neutral;
nuance – spoken/written
speech;colloquial
Слайд 23Words related to buildings and furniture:
chateau – spoken/written speech; literary
language; conn.-elevated;
bureau – spoken/written speech; literary language; conn.-neutral;
Слайд 24The Norman Conquest
court – spoken/written speech; literary language; conn.-neutral;
nobility
- written speech; literary language; conn.-elevated;
polite society - written
speech; literary language; conn.elevated;
literature – spoken/written speech; literary language; conn.-neutral.
Слайд 25Authors:
The periodization of borrowings
Ways of borrowings
The degree of assimilation of
borrowings
Semantic groups of French borrowings
The degree of assimilation of borrowings
The
stylistics and connotation of borrowings
Assemblage and presentation
Means of borrowing
Белова Надежда
Дацыкова Анна, Белова Надежда
Дацыкова Анна
Кудинова Наталия
Анофриева Ирина
Быстрова Татьяна
Березина Наталия
Никитченко Марат
