Galilei's Discoveries ("Открытия Галилео Галилея")

whose discoveries with the telescope revolutionized astronomy and paved the

way for the acceptance of the Copernican Heliocentric System.

to study celestial objects. He was the first to see

Saturn’s rings (although his telescope was not good enough to clearly show them as rings).

Isaac Newton. Galileo’s formula of inertia, the law of falling

bodies, and parabolic trajectories marked the beginning of a fundamental change in the study of motion.

of inquiry. First he reduced problems to a simple set

of terms on the basis of everyday experience and common-sense logic. Then he analyzed and resolved them according to simple mathematical description. The success with which he applied this technique to the analysis of motion opened the way for modern mathematical and experimental physics.

15, 1564, the oldest son of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician

who made important contributions to the theory and practice of music. The family moved to Florense in the early 1570s, where the Galilei family had lived for generations.

Vallombrosa, near Florence, and then in 1581 went to the

University of Pisa to study medicine.

post at Pisa as professor of mathematics, but in 1592

they did not renew his contract. It is believed this was because Galileo directly contradicted the professors, who strictly followed the classical doctrine of Aristotle.

solids, and pendulums, earned him a chair in mathematics at

the University of Padua, where he remained until 1610.

solution of mathematical problems.

he preferred the Copernical theory - that the earth revolves

around the sun- to the Aristotelian and Ptolemaic assumption that planets circle a fixed earth.

invented in the Holland which made object in the distance

seem close to the observer. Galileo tried to create his own instrument using a variety of lenses and he soon succeeded in making a basic telescope using a concave and a convex lens at either end of a lead tube. At the third attempt he produced a telescope that made objects appear 1000 times larger and over thirty times closer than seen with the naked eye.

moon appeared pitted with craters. There were mountain peaks lit

by the sun’s light and other parts that remained in darkness. Galileo then turned his telescope to view the stars, but found that unlike the moon, the stars were hardly magnified.

close to Jupiter. He noticed that the pattern changed and

a fourth bright object became visible. Galileo explained there were four satellites which revolved about Jupiter (they are still called the ‘Galilean satellites’). These moons helped to prove the theory that not all heavenly bodies orbited Earth. To Galileo, it followed that the sun must be the centre of the universe.

Messenger”, an Italian periodical of the time. The publication aroused

great controversy among scientists. Some philosophers - such as Kepler, received his work with enthusiasm, but others were far less enthusiastic.

of Venus and had become a firm believer in the

Copernican Heliocentric World System.

In response, Galileo wrote a long, open letter on the

irrelevance of the biblical passages in scientific arguments. He argued that interpretation of the Bible should be adapted to increasing knowledge.

with the Roman Catholic Church. The Inquisition convicted him of

heresy and forced him to publicly withdraw his support of Copernicus. They sentenced him to life imprisonment, but because of his advanced age they allowed him to serve his term under house arrest at his villa in Arcetri outside Florence.

work, Discourses Concerning Two New Sciences. Dealing with falling bodies

and the path of projectiles it laid the foundations for modern kinematics.

blindness has often been attributed to damage done to his

eyes by telescopic observation of the Sun in 1613. The truth is he was blinded by a combination of cataracts and glaucoma.

Newton was born. After Galileo`s death, his student Vincenzo Viviani

collected and edited a book of his works, and worked tirelessly to ensure that his master was not forgotten.

February 15, 1564.

The Times
3. The Starry Messenger

The result of his observations were

published in “The Starry Messenger”, an Italian periodical of the time.

At 72
3. At 42

Galileo became completely blind at the age

of 72.

World System. True of False?
1. True
2. false

The Copernical theory- that

the earth revolves around the sun.

close to Saturn. True or False?
1. True
2. False

On 7 January

1610, Galileo observed three very bright objects close to Jupiter.

University of Pisa
3. At Torino`s monastery school

In 1581 Galileo went

to the University of Pisa to study medicine.

this year?
1. Copernicus
2. Issac Newton
3. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz

Galileo died

on 8 January, 1642 – the year Isaac Newton was born.

wife
2. His student
3. His brother

After Galileo`s death, his student Vincenzo

Viviani collected and edited a book of his works.