Разделы презентаций


Historical development of English and Russian parts of speech презентация, доклад

General information about English part of speechIn standard grammatical terms, we classify English words into the following categories, or parts of speech: NounVerbAdverbAdjectivePrepositionConjunctionNumeralPronoun

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1Historical development of English and Russian parts of speech
Bukhinnik Juliya

FL-42

Historical development of English and Russian parts of speechBukhinnik Juliya FL-42

Слайд 2General information about English part of speech
In standard grammatical terms,

we classify English words into the following categories, or parts

of speech:
Noun
Verb
Adverb
Adjective
Preposition
Conjunction
Numeral
Pronoun


General information about English part of speechIn standard grammatical terms, we classify English words into the following

Слайд 3OLD ENGLISH
Old English was a much more inflected language than

contemporary English.
It was characterized by:
strong and weak verbs;


a dual number for pronouns
two different declensions of adjectives;
four declensions of nouns;
grammatical distinctions of gender;
did not use the article
OLD ENGLISHOld English was a much more inflected language than contemporary English. It was characterized by: strong

Слайд 4Old English - Adjective
As well as the noun, the adjective

can be declined in case, gender and number. One-syllable adjectives

("monosyllabic") have different declension than two-syllable ones ("disyllabic").
Singular. (narrow)
Masc. Neut. Fem.
Nominative nearu nearu nearu
Genitive nearwes nearwes nearore
Dative nearwum nearwum nearore
Accusative nearone nearu nearwe
Instrumental nearwe nearwe




Old English - AdjectiveAs well as the noun, the adjective can be declined in case, gender and

Слайд 5Modern English - Adjective
An adjective - is a word whose

main syntacticis a word whose main syntactic role is to

modifyis a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a nounis a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a noun or pronoun (called the adjective's subject), giving more information about what the noun or pronoun refers to.
We can not declined adjectives in case, gender or number.
Modern English - AdjectiveAn adjective - is a word whose main syntacticis a word whose main syntactic

Слайд 6Old English - Adjective
Degrees of comparison:
absolutive, comparative, superlative.
eald

(old) - ieldra - ieldest
strong - strengra - strengest


long - lengra - lengest
geong (young) - gingra - gingest
Old English - AdjectiveDegrees of comparison: absolutive, comparative, superlative. eald (old) - ieldra - ieldest strong -

Слайд 7Modern English - Adjective
Degrees of comparison:
positive, comparative, superlative.

Rich

- richer – the richest
Big – bigger – the

biggest
Small – smaller – the smallest

Modern English - AdjectiveDegrees of comparison: positive, comparative, superlative. Rich - richer – the richest Big –

Слайд 8Old English - Pronoun
Pronouns were the only part of speech

in Old English which preserved the dual number in declension.
E.g.

1st person
Singular Plural Dual
N ic, íc wé wit
G mín úre uncer
D mé ús unc
A mec, mé úsic, ús uncit, unc
Old English - PronounPronouns were the only part of speech in Old English which preserved the dual

Слайд 9 Old English - Verb
Strong and Weak
distinguished between
seven

classes
(changing of vowels
and consonants),
each in conjugation
and

in the
stem structure.
Infinitive
Past singular
Past plural
Participle II

were conjugated in a simpler
way than the strong ones,
and did not use the ablaut
interchanges of t
he vowel stems.
Weak verbs are
divided into three classes which
had only slight differences though.
They did have the
three forms - the infinitive,
the past tense,
the participle II.

Old English - Verb Strong and Weakdistinguished between seven classes (changing of vowels and consonants), each

Слайд 10Modern English – Verb
Modern English makes a

distinction between regular (changing into root – vowels and consonants)

and irregular (- ed, - d) verbs. This distinction goes back to the Old English system of strong and weak verbs.
Modern English – Verb  Modern English makes a distinction between regular (changing into root – vowels

Слайд 11Modal Verbs in Modern and Old English (Present-Preterite)
The main difference

of verbs of this type in modern English is their

expressing modality, i.e. possibility, obligation, necessity. They do not require the particle to before the infinitive which follows them. In Old English in general no verb requires this particle before the infinitive. In fact, this to before the infinitive form meant the preposition of direction.
Modal Verbs in Modern and Old English (Present-Preterite)The main difference of verbs of this type in modern

Слайд 12Tenses in Old and Modern English
Syntactically, the language had only

two main tenses - the Present and the Past. No

progressive (or Continuous) tenses were used, they were invented only in the Early Middle English period. Such complex tenses as modern Future in the Past, Future Perfect Continuous did not exist either. However, some analytic construction were in use, and first of all the perfective constructions.
F.G.: Hie geweorc geworhten hæfdon
(they have build a fortress‘ - shows the exact Perfect tense, but at that time it was not the tense really, just a participle construction showing that the action has been done) Seldom you can also find such Past constructions, which later became the Past Perfect Tense.
Tenses in Old and Modern English	Syntactically, the language had only two main tenses - the Present and

Слайд 13Conclusion
English through history was very progressive and active

- the whole revolution happened with it in the 15th

and the 16th centuries, not only taking into consideration the Great Vowel Shift, but also the major grammar changes. The result was the Modern, or New, English, which has practically no declension, lost genders, shortened words and forms, simplified the syntax.
Conclusion  English through history was very progressive and active - the whole revolution happened with it

Слайд 14Old church Slavonic
Category: Old Church Slavonic nouns
Old Church Slavonic words

that refer to people, places, things, qualities or ideas. Old

Church Slavonic nouns that are inflected to show grammatical relations other than the main form.
E.g. Аблъко, братолюбьство, воѥводьство, брѣмѧ, въздрастъ, владъічьствиѥ, болѣзнь
Old church SlavonicCategory: Old Church Slavonic nounsOld Church Slavonic words that refer to people, places, things, qualities

Слайд 15Category: Old Church Slavonic verbs Old Church Slavonic verbs: Old Church

Slavonic words that indicate actions, occurrences or states. E.g. Любити, дъіхати,

погрєбити, пити, ищєзнѫти, глаголати.
Category: Old Church Slavonic verbs Old Church Slavonic verbs: Old Church Slavonic words that indicate actions, occurrences

Слайд 16Category: Old Church Slavonic adverbs: Old Church Slavonic adverbs words

that modify clauses, sentences and other parts of phrases. E.g. Близъ,

въскорѣ, яко, вьчєра
Category: Old Church Slavonic adverbs:  Old Church Slavonic adverbs words that modify clauses, sentences and other

Слайд 17Category: Old Church Slavonic conjunctions: Old Church Slavonic words that

connect words, phrases or clauses together. E.g. ащє, да, и, или,

къгда, ни
Category: Old Church Slavonic conjunctions:  Old Church Slavonic words that connect words, phrases or clauses together.

Слайд 18Category: Old Church Slavonic pronouns Old Church Slavonic words that refer

to and substitute nouns. E.g. овъ, она, оно, онъ

Category: Old Church Slavonic pronouns Old Church Slavonic words that refer to and substitute nouns.  E.g.

Слайд 19Category: Old Church Slavonic prepositions: Old Church Slavonic words that

limit nouns or pronouns, by indicating relationships with following phrases.

E.g. мимо, мєждю, мєждѹ, подъ, при, прѣдъ
Category: Old Church Slavonic prepositions:  Old Church Slavonic words that limit nouns or pronouns, by indicating

Слайд 20One of the peculiarity of Russian language it is a

morphemic stability. E.g. Russian root kaz. It means to point or

to show. Noun: у к а з, с к а з к а Verb: у к а з а т ь, с к а з а т ь Adjective: с к а з о ч н ы й, etc.
One of the peculiarity of Russian language it is a morphemic stability.  E.g. Russian root kaz.

Слайд 21 Conclusion Languages developed and changed rapidly during the history. All communicative

processes reflects on the language grammatical and phonetically form. Intercultural

relationship brings a lot of new words and enrich a vocabulary. All these processes reduce the role of declension, case, number, constrict the number of existing tense forms, people trying to make own language easy for learning.
Conclusion Languages developed and changed rapidly during the history. All communicative processes reflects on the language

Обратная связь

Если не удалось найти и скачать доклад-презентацию, Вы можете заказать его на нашем сайте. Мы постараемся найти нужный Вам материал и отправим по электронной почте. Не стесняйтесь обращаться к нам, если у вас возникли вопросы или пожелания:

Email: Нажмите что бы посмотреть 

Что такое TheSlide.ru?

Это сайт презентации, докладов, проектов в PowerPoint. Здесь удобно  хранить и делиться своими презентациями с другими пользователями.


Для правообладателей

Яндекс.Метрика