Теоретический и контрольно-тестовый материал по теме "Условные предложения"

№ 2


The conditional sentences

conditional sentences are confusing for learners. This presentation is designed

to explain general aspects of “IF − clauses”. Here you can find the rules, examples and tests to check out your knowledge.
A conditional sentence is a complex sentence with a subordinate clause of condition that usually begins with the conjunction IF. The clause of condition (the if − clause) indicates the conditions under which the action in the main clause may be realized. So, when you begin your sentence with IF you should do this:

or unreal condition)
To determine what tense is used in a

sentence (present, past or future)


The conditional sentences are divided into the following types:
Zero conditional sentences
First conditional sentences
Second conditional sentences
Third conditional sentences
Mixed sentences

simple)

This conditional is used when the

result will always happen. It implies not a particular situation but general one and often describes laws of nature and widely known facts. In this conditional “IF” also can be replaced by “WHEN” without changing the meaning. The present simple is used in both clauses.

e.g. If people eat too much, they get fat.
e.g. If babies are hungry, they cry.
e.g. You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.

This conditional expresses real or possible situations in the

present or future.

e.g. I will go shopping on the way home if I have time.
e.g. If I study today, I will go to the party tonight.
e.g. If I have enough money, I will buy some new shoes.

This conditional is used when an implementation of an

action in certain situations in the present or future is unreal. We can use it when:
we speak about our dreams and wishes or something that is not going to happen:

e.g. If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. (I probably won't win the lottery)
e.g. If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
e.g. Where would you live if you could live anywhere in the world?

possible because it is not true:

e.g. If I had his number, I would

call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).

past participle)

This conditional expresses a situation in the

past that did not happen, but we image the result.

e.g. If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass).
e.g. If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane.

to form mixed sentences. In this case the subordinate clause

is related to the future and the main clause is related to the past.

e.g. If I were smarter, I would have graduated from Stanford.
e.g. If my father hadn’t lost his keys, we wouldn’t have to wait until he finds them.

tonight, I (watch)  the football match on TV.
I (earn)  a lot of

money if I (get)  that job.
If she (hurry / not)  we (miss)  the bus.
If he (try)  harder, he (reach)  his goals.
I (buy)  these shoes if they (fit).
It (surprise / not)  me if he (know / not)  the answer.
If we (listen)  to the radio, we (hear)  the news.
If you (switch)  on the lights, you (fall / not)  over the chair.
She (come)  to our party if she (be / not)  on holiday.
If I stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.

seen you, we (stop).If we (meet) him tomorrow, we'll say hello.
He would

have repaired the car himself if he (have) the tools.
If you drop the vase, it (break).
If I hadn't studied, I (pass) the exam.
I wouldn't go to school by bus if I (have) a driving licence.
If she (see) him every day, she'd be lovesick.
I (travel / not) to London if I don't get a cheap flight.
We'd be stupid if we (tell) him about our secret.

rich now.
Nick would have passed that English exam if he

(have / not) lazy.
If I had been you, I (tell) your mother about yesterday.
If you had taken the job, you (earn) much more now.
If I were a good cook, I (cook) your favorite meal.
If you decide to study medicine ten years ago, you would be a good doctor.
If I had won the Lotto yesterday, I (fly) across the world today.
If she (arrive) two hours ago, I would be angry now.