Basics of software development (continued)

an engineering activity
Science - the science that studies the laws

and methods of storage, processing and transmission of information. From a theoretical point of view, distinguish theoretical computer science. Theoretical Computer Science and Information Science - Computer Science section, the student information processes and systems, including the structure of the information and its use in various fields of human activity.   From a practical point of view, isolated Applied Informatics. Applied Informatics and Computer Science - a set of sections of Computer Science, focused on a variety of issues automation solution storage, transmission and processing of information.

discipline - the section of computer science, studying the description

of data processing. It should be noted that most of the topics and areas of programming usually refers to applied science. In programming, clearly distinguished the sections listed below.

of programs viewed as an object, expressed in a formal

language with a certain information and logical structure and to be automatically execute on a computer. This is a set of directions, studying the basic principles of programming using formal mathematical methods.

computer, and includes the following areas associated with them (Fig.

2.1): data structures, searching and organizing, formal languages ​​and grammars, automata and other abstract machines, parsing programs, evaluation complexity of algorithms and complexity theory, equivalent conversion algorithms, the specification of tasks, proving properties of programs, automatic program synthesis, the semantics of programming languages ​​(theory program models).

basis for their construction. The specific methodology (approach) - a

unified philosophical approach one set of methods used in the development process. 3. Technology programming studies the processes of software development as the processes and procedures have been established (using the knowledge, methods and tools). Particular technology (approach) contains a specific set of processes, and used their knowledge, methods and tools.

and tools in terms of specific objectives, ie has obvious

practical. Engineering is understood as engineering, creative and technical activities. The main idea of ​​engineering software is that software development is a formal process that can be studied and improved.

areas, among which are the following:
mathematical foundations of engineering software metrics,  

economy software   Engineering-specific programming systems (middleware software, real-time systems, mobile systems, distributed systems, Internet-based, etc.) Engineering program as a training course.

development process of the project, the simulation was, formation of product requirements,   formal specifications, software architecture, software testing, maintenance and evolution of software   analysis software tools and environment engineering

This includes all the tools that support the software development

process.

and engineering, using the term "method."   In general, the method

is a way of research or knowledge. The method includes a means - through which the action is - and how - how the action will be performed.   In the methodology of programming methods are discussed in terms of the basis of their construction,   in software engineering - from the point of view of their use in organization processes   and in the engineering program - in terms of meeting with them certain goals.

2.2).
The first - directing - group contains two directions, which

should be defined before starting the project. Selected methods and approaches to identify a core ideology and principles of the project.   Second - instrumental - the group contains two areas - language and system support for the project.   The third - the base - the group contains two directions representing the platform - the basis on which the project is based

solved by following the basic directions.
Summary of recommendations for their

use are as follows: 1. First, you must determine the methodology, which will include a set of methods and concepts, united by a common philosophical approach. 2. Then choose the technology that will define the set of processes used in the development of a software product. Defined earlier methodology includes a set of methods that will be applied in the technological approach. 3. Methodology and technology define programming languages ​​and systems that are required for each process chosen technological approach. 4. Processes will run on certain hardware and OS platforms. Note that the platform can greatly determine the presence and specific tools. In most development should be avoided depending on the platform, but a number of projects to a large extent based on a good knowledge of them.

with the creation of the software and its implementation. Due

to the increasing complexity of software and the creation instead of the term "programming" is being used more general concept - software development (RPO).   Basic concept has remained relevant in the narrow sense - like writing programs, which are synonymous coding and implementation.

in the use of other names for the sections of

programming:

theory of programming is usually called the theory of software (lit. science software);   programming methodology - the methodology of software development;   programming technology - the technology of software development. From this point of view, software engineering is also known as software engineering, and software tools - Tools software. In foreign literature, most of the questions of methodology and software technologies usually considered from an engineering point of view and to carry out the directions of the development of software engineering.

Systems Engineering), in which we are talking about the development

of systems. Change in terminology is the result of the influence of a systematic approach. In this case, it means understanding what is necessary to consider not only the software itself, but the environment, ie, the whole system, in which the software - just a specific (albeit significant) part of it.

systems" addresses the following areas of software development: 1. Software development

methodology (types of methodologies, etc.). 2. Software Engineering (LC software, etc., approaches software development). 3. Several areas of software engineering (practical issues of design and programming, etc.). Toolkit on a number of areas (systems software development, etc.). In related disciplines detail the following areas of software development: 1. All areas of the theory of programming. 2. Several areas of software engineering (software quality, etc.). 3. Toolkit on a number of areas. 4. Management of software development (project management, etc.). 5. A number of specific areas of software development (business modeling, requirements analysis, testing and debugging, etc.).