Биохимия легких

БАВ - АФК, кинины, биогенные амины – серотонин, гистамин, катехоламины

Инактивация БАВ
Активация ангиотензина
АОЗ (ферментативная и не ферментативная).
Сурфактант, его продукция и контроль.

синтеза БАВ)
Регуляция КОС
Экскреторная – удаление СО2 и др.
Ловушка мелких тромбов
Инактивация

и катаболизм БАВ
Активация БАВ
Детоксикация ксенобиотиков

функцию легких:
Обструктивные болезни легких (эмфизема, астма, хр. бронхит) Obstructive

lung diseases, such as emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis, cause the airways to become partly blocked or narrower, making it more difficult for air to move through them.
Cigarette smoking and air pollution are major causes of these diseases.
Restrictive lung diseases make it harder for the respiratory system to expand. They can cause a stiffening of the lung or chest wall or make the respiratory muscles unable to respond to nerve signals from the brain.
Breathing substances such as asbestos, silica, and coal dust can cause some types of restrictive disease.
Pulmonary vascular diseases affect the circulation of blood in the lungs.
For example, in pulmonary hypertension, the small blood vessels of the lung become narrower, making it difficult for the right side of the heart to pump blood.

harm the lungs in a number of ways.
Some pollutants--particularly

cigarette smoke--affect the cilia, causing the upward movement of mucus to slow or stop.
Smoking cigarettes is also a major cause of lung cancer. Infectious lung diseases, such as tuberculosis and pneumonia, are caused by bacteria, viruses, or other organisms.
These diseases are serious health concerns in all parts of the world.

breathing, especially when they exhale.
Emphysema is one of the

two main forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).
The other is chronic bronchitis.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are characterized by progressive narrowing of the airways.

Picture source: US Food and Drug Administration
http://64.143.176.9/library/healthguide/en-us/images/media/medical/hw/h9991437_001.jpg

to alveoli, contain a network of pulmonary capillaries. The gas

exchange occurs.
Emphysema destroys the walls of alveoli, including the pulmonary capillaries. The lung begins to lose elasticity and becomes overinflated as more air is inhaled and trapped in the air spaces.
Thus, emphysema disrupts the flow of carbon dioxide from the body and deprives body tissues of needed oxygen.

Picture source: The New York Times
http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/17055.jpg

breath;
an enlarged chest;
bluish skin color
resulting from a

less than normal amount of oxygen in the blood.
Emphysema victims often suffer from frequent colds and lung infections. Some also develop serious heart disease.

occupational hazards;
repeated infections;
genetic factors;
α1-antitrypsine deficiency.
Macrophagal proteases can destroy

the alveolar walls in emphysema victims. α1-antitrypsine control these enzymes.

Treatment.
Emphysema cannot be cured, but treatment may help reduce further lung damage.
Victims of emphysema should
avoid cigarette smoking and air pollution.
promptly treat recurrent colds and infections.
Many victims are helped by drugs, physical therapy, special breathing techniques, and by breathing oxygen-enriched air.

a lung condition that affects premature babies.
underdevelopment of the

lungs of these infants.
The air sacs of the lungs collapse, causing rapid, difficult breathing and, in many cases, death by suffocation.
Hyaline membrane disease ranks as a major cause of death among premature infants.

glassy membranes found in the lungs of babies that die

of the disease.
Many physicians believe these membranes are produced as a reaction to lung damage caused by the strain of breathing air in an immature lung.

collapsing.
respirators and high-humidity incubators: 4-5 days of therapy, then

lungs produce pulmonary surfactant.
Artificial surfactants can be given to infants soon after birth to prevent the disease.

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is a phospholipid and the major constituent of pulmonary surfactant.