CRIMEA FEDERAL UNIVERSITY Medical Academy named after S.I.Georgievsky of

TOPIC – Phylogenetic Disorders of Respiratory System
SUBJECT – MEDICAL BIOLOGY

NAME – AMIT KUMAR
LA1-191 B

not only lung development but also the upper respiratory tract,

the supporting musculoskeletal system and the vascular and neural system. In addition, some respiratory problems arise from prematurity of birth or difficulty with the birth process itself.

The functional part of the respiratory system, the alveoli, continue to develop the postnatal period and through childhood

tract and the airway to communicate causing chronic cough, aspiration

and respiratory distress.

collapsed lower lobe The left lung is herniating across the

mediastinum

to close allows viscera into thorax, most common (80-85%) on

the left side of diaphragm. Intestine, stomach or spleen can enter the pleural cavity, compressing the lung.

the posterior cardinal. There is also some course variability of

the phrenic nerve in the presence of an azygos lobe

recanalization of the laryngotracheal tube during the fetal period. Rare

abnormality occuring mainly at the level of the vocal folds (glottis).

the intestines during the fetal period. Fetal stress in the

third trimester, prior to/at/ or during parturition (birth) can lead to premature meconium discharge into the amniotic fluid and sunsequent ingestion by the fetus and damage to respiratory function. Damage to placental vessels meconium myonecrosis may also occur. meconium is formed from gut and associated organ secretions as well as cells and debris
from the swallowed amniotic fluid. Meconium accumulates during the fetal period in the large intestine (bowel). It can be described as being a generally dark colour (green black) , sticky and odourless. Normally this meconium is defaecated
(passed) postnatally over the first 48 hours and then transitional stools from day 4.

surfactant is insufficient for adequate respiration. Surface tension at the

liquid-air interphase in the alveoli makes the air sacs prone to collapsing post expiration.

birth and related lung injury. The definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

(BPD) has in recent years changed from a severe lung injury and associated
repair, to more of a disruption of lung growth in older infants. Most infants who develop BPD are born more
than 10 weeks before their due dates, weigh less than 1,000 grams (about 2 pounds) at birth, and have breathing problems. Infections that occur before or shortly after birth also can contribute to BPD.

abnormal chloride channel synthesis cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR),

the impact occurs postnatally. Mucus accumulates mainly in the passages of the lungs and in the pancreas.