Слайд 1Federal State Education Establishment
Of Higher Education {Penza State University}
Penza
State University
Medical institute
Department of History
Course Paper
History of Medicine
Zhung Xichun
Student: Jamal El Deen Al Afesh
Group : 19LL10a
Check : Tatyana Gavrilova
Penza 2019\2020
Слайд 3
Zhang Xichun
Born1860
Yanshan County, Hebei, China
Died1933 (aged 72–73)
Tianjin, China
Nationality Chinese Occupation Physician
and writer Zhang Xichun Chinese show Transcriptions Zhang Xichun, courtesy name Shoufu , was
a Chinese physician and medical scholar who pioneered the integration of Western and Eastern medicines. The founder of a medical college in Tianjin, Zhang penned many articles on various medical topics. After his death in 1933, a thirty-volume compilation of his papers was released.
Слайд 4Biography:
Early life and career:
Zhang Xichun was born in 1860, in Yanshan
County, Hebei, China. Zhang was not linguistically inclined, unlike his
father, and failed his imperial examinations in Chinese literature twice. Thereafter he switched his sights to medicine; a topic his father had introduced him to together with Chinese philosophy, spending more than a decade studying it on his own. In 1911, before the end of the Qing dynasty, he joined the military as a doctor and was lauded for his work. Zhang became Dean of the Li Da Chinese Medicine Hospital in 1918. From that point he became known for his incorporation of Western medicine into traditional Chinese medicine, and was successful in remedying illnesses not curable by Western drugs alone. He also began publishing a series of essays on a wide range of medical issues titled, The Assimilation of Western Medicine to Chinese in Medicine.
Слайд 5In 1926, he established the Tianjin Institute for Integrated Chinese
and Western Medicine, which attracted "hundreds of students from across
the country". About two years afterwards, he formulated a treatment for febrile arthritis combining aspirin with a traditional Chinese medicine, gypsum fibrosum . His cure for "obstinate vomiting", predominantly made of rhizoma pinelliae, was said to have "achieved very good results".
Слайд 6Zhang saw philosophy as complementary and beneficial to medicine, contrary to the
belief by many of his time that the former inhibits
the latter's development. As he articulates in his essay Concerning The Relation of Philosophy and Medicine:
Many recent medical journal reports take the view that [traditional Chinese] philosophy holds back the progress of medicine, but their authors do not understand the use of philosophy, nor do they understand that philosophy is actually the basis of medicine philosophy is the true source of medicine, or rather that medicine is the natural outcome of philosophy.
He also believed that modern and traditional medicine shared a common set of principles and thought that Western medical knowledge could be proof for ancient Chinese beliefs, such as in the case of determining that the heart cannot function without the brain. However, he was unhappy with the situation of his time that was Western teachings being seen as superior to Chinese ones. Wanting to end this "uncritical replacement", Zhang supported the Boxer Rebellion in 1900.
Слайд 7Legacy:
Zhang is considered as one of the "four masters of
medicine" of China, the other three being Liu Weichu, Yang
Ruhou, and Lu Jinsheng. Hailed as "China's leading clinician", "one of China's great scholar-physicians“ and "one of the leading reformers of Chinese medicine in the early twentieth century", Zhang is notable for being one of the first physicians to intermix Chinese and Western medicine, and his work is credited with allowing doctors to realise that "the two medicines could work side by side". In his 2014 work Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine, Charles Buck praises his "genuine altruistic impetus to improve Chinese medicine", describing Zhang as a "passionate integrationist" of medicine.
Слайд 8Death:
Zhang Xichun died of illness in 1933 at age 74.
A collection of Zhang's medical papers, comprising some thirty volumes
and titled, Medical Essays Esteeming the East and Respecting the West, was edited by Zhang's son and released in 1934. After 1949, rights to the compilation, alongside a few other of Zhang's essays, were transferred to the Hebei Hygiene Association. Zhang's publications are now regarded as "an important modern classic of Chinese medicine".
Слайд 9References:
Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k Buck 2014, p. 310.
IOS 1999, p. 265.
^ Jump up to:a b c "Chinese
Philosophy and Chinese Medicine". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 28 April
2015. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
Jump up to:a b Sivin 1991, p. 33.
Jump up to:a b Lackner 2004, p. 650.
Hsu 2001, p. 333.
