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MIDDLE ENGLISH: CHANGES IN PHONETIC SYSTEM Word Stress

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That is the prefix or the root were stressed but the suffixes and endings were unstressed. Word stress in OE was fixed. It didn’t move in inflection and rarely in derivation.

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1 MIDDLE ENGLISH: CHANGES IN PHONETIC SYSTEM Word Stress
In OE stress as

a rule was on the 1-st syllable of the word,

rarely on the second syllable.
MIDDLE ENGLISH: CHANGES IN PHONETIC SYSTEM Word Stress In OE stress as a

Слайд 2That is the prefix or the root were stressed but

the suffixes and endings were unstressed. Word stress in OE

was fixed. It didn’t move in inflection and rarely in derivation.

That is the prefix or the root were stressed but the suffixes and endings were unstressed. Word

Слайд 3In ME period the word stress acquired greater positional freedom

and began to play a more important role in word

derivation. These changes were connected with the assimilation of the loan words (especially from French).
In ME period the word stress acquired greater positional freedom and began to play a more important

Слайд 4When they first appeared in the English language they probably

retained their original stress – on the ultimate syllable. This

kind of stress couldn’t be preserved for long.
When they first appeared in the English language they probably retained their original stress – on the

Слайд 5The loan words were assimilated and the stress moved closer

to the beginning of the word.
M.E. vertu [vqr'tjH]  NE

virtue ['vWtSq]

The loan words were assimilated and the stress moved closer to the beginning of the word.M.E. vertu

Слайд 6 Vowel Changes Unstressed vowels:
In Early ME the pronunciation of unstressed syllables

became increasingly indistinct. In OE there were 5 short vowels

in an unstressed position [e, I, a, o, V]

Vowel Changes Unstressed vowels: In Early ME the pronunciation of unstressed syllables became increasingly indistinct. In

Слайд 7Late ME had only 2 vowels: [q] and [i]
OE fiscas

– ME fishes ['fISqz]
OE rison – ME risen ['rIzqn]

Late ME had only 2 vowels: [q] and [i]OE fiscas – ME fishes ['fISqz]OE rison – ME

Слайд 8The occurrence of only two vowels [q] and [i] in

unstressed final syllables is an important mark of ME.

The occurrence of only two vowels [q] and [i] in unstressed final syllables is an important mark

Слайд 9It distinguishes ME on the one hand from OE with

its greater variety of unstressed vowels, and, on the other

hand, from New English when ME final [q] was dropped.
It distinguishes ME on the one hand from OE with its greater variety of unstressed vowels, and,

Слайд 10The final [q] disappeared in Late ME but it continued

to be spelt as e. In the London dialect of

Chaucer’s time it was unstable. It could be easily missed out before the following initial vowel or when required by rhythm.
The final [q] disappeared in Late ME but it continued to be spelt as e. In the

Слайд 11When the ending e survived only in spelling, it was

understood as means of showing the length of the vowel

in the preceding syllable and was added to the

When the ending e survived only in spelling, it was understood as means of showing the length

Слайд 12words which did not have this ending before:
OE stan –

ME stoon, stone

words which did not have this ending before:OE stan – ME stoon, stone

Слайд 13But new unstressed vowels appeared in borrowed words or developed

from stressed ones, as a result of various changes:
e.g. vocalization

of [r]
writer [er]  [q]
actor [or]  [q]
But new unstressed vowels appeared in borrowed words or developed from stressed ones, as a result of

Слайд 14 Stressed Vowels:
Stressed vowels changed in quality and in quantity. Not

a single OE monophthong or diphthong remained unchanged in the

course of history.

Stressed Vowels: Stressed vowels changed in quality and in quantity. Not a single OE monophthong or

Слайд 15Long vowels were the most changeable and historically unstable. They

had a strong tendency to become narrower and to diphthongize,

but short vowels displayed a reverse trend – towards greater openness.

Long vowels were the most changeable and historically unstable. They had a strong tendency to become narrower

Слайд 16 Quantitative Changes:
In OE quantity was the main basis of correlation

in the vowel system: short vowels were opposed to long

ones.
Quantitative Changes: In OE quantity was the main basis of correlation in the vowel system: short

Слайд 17Vowel length was an inherited feature as OE short vowels

developed from PG short vowels. In late OE and Early

ME vowel length began to depend on phonetic condition.

Vowel length was an inherited feature as OE short vowels developed from PG short vowels. In late

Слайд 181. Short vowels were lengthened before ld, nd, mb unless

followed by a third consonant (the 9-th c.)
OE wild >

ME wild [wJld]

1. Short vowels were lengthened before ld, nd, mb unless followed by a third consonant (the 9-th

Слайд 192. All other groups of two or more consonants made

the preceding long vowels short (11-th

c.).
OE cepte > ME kepte ['keptq]

2. All other groups of two or more consonants made the preceding long vowels short

Слайд 203. Short vowels became long in open syllables (mainly [e],

[a], [o]) (12-th – 13-th c.)
OE open > ME open

['Lpqn]
OE namu > ME name ['nRmq]

3. Short vowels became long in open syllables (mainly [e], [a], [o]) (12-th – 13-th c.)OE open

Слайд 21 Qualitative Changes:
1. OE [y], [y:] disappeared in ME merging with

various sounds in different dialects:
In Kentish [e] [e:]
South-West, west Midlands

[u] [H]
Qualitative Changes: 1. OE [y], [y:] disappeared in ME merging with various sounds in different dialects:In

Слайд 22OE fyllan > ME Kentish

fellen
(to fill)

West Midland fullen 1. [fyllqn]
and South western 2. [fullqn]

East Midland fillen
and Northern

OE fyllan > ME Kentish fellen

Слайд 232. OE [R] was narrowed to [L] (all

long monophthongs became closer)
[R] > [L] in all the dialects

except the Northern group

2. OE [R] was narrowed to [L] (all long monophthongs became closer)[R] > [L] in

Слайд 24OE stan > ME stoon, stone ['stLn(q)]
(stone)


Northern stan(e)

ME

[L] must have been a more open vowel than long [o:] inherited from OE

OE stan > ME stoon, stone ['stLn(q)] (stone)

Слайд 253. OE short [x] > ME back [a]
 e.g. OE þxt

> ME that [a]
OE earm > ME arm [a]
OE blacu

> ME blak [a]

3. OE short [x] > ME back [a] e.g. OE þxt > ME that [a]OE earm > ME

Слайд 26 Diphthongs
One of the most important sound changes of the Early

ME period was the loss of OE diphthongs and the

growth of new ones. OE diphthongs were contracted to monophthongs:

Diphthongs One of the most important sound changes of the Early ME period was the loss

Слайд 27OE [eQ] > ME [F:] east > eest (east)

OE

[eQ] > ME [a] earm > arm (arm)

OE [eQ] > ME [F:] east > eest (east)OE [eQ] > ME [a] earm >

Слайд 28[eo]
[eo] [e:] [e]
[io]

[J] [I]


[io]
deop > deep [e:] (deep);
ceosan > chesen ['Ce:zqn] (choose)
heorte > herte (heart)
[eo][eo] [e:] [e][io]

Слайд 29As a result of these changes the vowel system lost

two sets of diphthongs, long and short. A new set

of diphthongs developed from some sequence of vowels and consonants due to the vocalization of OE [j] and [ɣ].
As a result of these changes the vowel system lost two sets of diphthongs, long and short.

Слайд 30These sounds between and after vowels changed into [i] and

[u] formed diphthongs together with the preceding vowels.
E.g. OE dxZ

> ME day [daI]

These sounds between and after vowels changed into [i] and [u] formed diphthongs together with the preceding

Слайд 31These changes gave rise to two sets of diphthongs with

i – glides and

u – glides.

These changes gave rise to two sets of diphthongs with i

Слайд 32System of vowels in Late Middle English

System of vowels in Late Middle English

Слайд 33 Evolution of Consonants

English consonants were far more stable than vowels.



Evolution of Consonants English consonants were far more stable than vowels.

Слайд 34The most important developments in the history of English consonants

were the development of affricates and sibilants. In OE there

were no affricates and no sibilants except [s, z].
The most important developments in the history of English consonants were the development of affricates and sibilants.

Слайд 35The new type of consonants developed from OE palatal plosives

[k', g'] and from [sk']. The three new phonemes were

[C], [G], [S] (in writing - ch, tch, g, dg, sh, ssh, sch)

The new type of consonants developed from OE palatal plosives [k', g'] and from [sk']. The three

Слайд 36 Loss of Consonants
 In OE long consonants were opposed to

short. In Late ME long consonants were shortened and the

opposition through quantity was lost.

Loss of Consonants  In OE long consonants were opposed to short. In Late ME long

Слайд 37 Initial h was dropped before r, l, n.

OE hrinZ

> ME ring (ring)
OE hlaford > ME loverd (lord)

 Initial h was dropped before r, l, n.OE hrinZ > ME ring (ring)OE hlaford > ME

Слайд 38 Before w h remained in the North where OE

hw > quh or qwh.
 In the South h

was dropped before w.
 
OE hwxt > ME North quhat
South what

 Before w h remained in the North where OE hw > quh or qwh.  In

Слайд 39 V was dropped before consonants:

OE hxfde > ME had

 V was dropped before consonants:OE hxfde > ME had

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