Ministry education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan Karaganda State

named after academician Ye.A. Buketov

Biological and geographical faculty

Botany Department

Course – Botany
Specialty - 5В011300 – «Biology»

Lecture № 3

Root and root systems. Metamorphosis of roots. Anatomical structure of root

(1 hour)

Lecturer: candidate of biological science, associated professor
Ishmuratova Margarita Yulaevna

Anatomical structure of root.
3 Metamorphosis of root.

растений. – Минск: Новое знание, 2002. – 185 с.
2 Родман

А.С. Ботаника. – М.: Колос, 2001. - 328 с.

Additional literatures:
1 Ишмуратова М.Ю. Ботаника. Учебно-методическое пособие. - Караганда: РИО Болашак-Баспа, 2015. - 331 с.
2 Тусупбекова Г.Т. Основы естествознания. Ч. 1. Ботаника. – Астана: Фолиант, 2013. – 321 с.
3 Байтулин И.О. Основы ризологии. - Алматы: Гылым, 2001. – 210 с.

in typical case the function of soil nutrition. Root is

a organ with redial symmetry and capable for non-final growth by apical meristem. Root is differ from stalk because it does not create leaves, and apical meristem is covered by pileorhiza.

Functions of root:
1) Roots make vertical base for growth of plants;
2) Roots are synthesized different compounds which after transport in other organs of plants;
3) In root can be storage some nutrition compounds;
4) Roots communicate with root of other plants, microorganisms, mushrooms, located in soil.

root; Б – system of additional roots; В – separated

root systems (А and В – taproot systems; Б – fibrillose root system)

III – zone of intake; IV – beginning of transport

zone: 1 – growing lateral root; 2 – root hair; 3 – rhizoderm; 3а – exoderm; 4 – primary bark; 5 – endoderm; 6 – per cycle; 7 – central cylinder

General view (А) and lateral cut (Б) of root end

2 – secondary xylem; 3 – cambium; 4 – secondary

phloem; 5 – primary vascular ray; 6 – cork; 7 – parenchyma of secondary bark

the first vegetative period

beet (5, 6, 7)
(on the cross cut the xylem marked

by black color; horizontal line – a border between stalk and root)

2 – breathing roots with pneumatophors of avicenia (пр –

zone of tide); 3 – air root of orchids

root of banyan; 3 – walking root of rhizophore (пр

– zone of tide; от – zone of low tide; ил – cover of mud bottom)

of roots?
2 Which root systems are characterized for monocotyledons

and dicotyledonous plants?
3 Which additional function act the roots in processes of metamorphoses?
4 Describe the functions of air and contractile roots.
5 How do roots create symbiosis with bacteria?
6 Which type of roots have storage function?

created:
А) main root
В) air roots
С) additional roots
Д) xylem
Е) phloem
 
Tissues which

transferee only organic compounds:
А) mechanic tissues
В) phloem
С) basic parenchyma
Д) sclerenchyma
Е) collenchymas