Theme: Parts of speech

Содержание

1. Theme: Parts of speech
2. Plan1. Classification of parts of speech2. Types
3. PARTS OF SPEECH-word division classes of words
4. Notional and Functional interrelation of lexical and
5. Ancient Greek linguistics lexico-grammatical classes of words grammatically relevant properties: semanticformal functional
6. Notional parts of speech into grammatically
7. Semantic (lexical meaning ) generalized semantic properties
8. Formal (morphological form) word-building and word-changing property,
9. Functional (syntactic functioning)fulfillment in the sentencenoun: subject
10. Notional words – complete nominative meaningsNounsVerbsAdjectivesAdverbsPronouns
11. Functional words – incomplete nominative valueConjunctionsPrepositionsArticles
12. NOUN - substantivity semantic and
13. NOUN proper nouns - individual
14. VERB - actionsemantically and grammatically:finite infinite simple derived
15. ADJECTIVE - quality of a substancemeanings and
16. ADJECTIVEIn a sentencegrammatical meaning (quality possessing certain
17. PRONOUN and NUMERALS - do not have
18. PRONOUNsemantic classification personal possessive demonstrativeInterrogative reciprocal relativeIndefinite negative conjunctivedefining reflexive
19. PRONOUN and NUMERALSFunctions in a sentencePRONOUNS: subject,
20. ADVERB – some circumstances that attend
21. ADVERBdegrees of comparisonof ‘well’, ‘badly’, ‘much’, ‘little’
22. ADVERBIn a sentenceadverbial modifier (said softly, nice in a way)attribute
23. FUNCTIONAL PARTS OF SPEECHModal words:attitude to the
24. INTERJECTION - emotions primary
25. CONJUNCTION- connections between objects and phenomena in
26. PREPOSITION - relations between objects and phenomena-
27. PARTICLE & ARTICLEPARTICLE - modal or emotional
28. Thank you
29. Скачать презентанцию

Plan1. Classification of parts of speech2. Types of grammatical classes of wordsBeaudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929) and Academician F.F.Fortunatov of Russia, and the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, Frank Palmer, V. V.

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1Theme: Parts of speech

Слайд 2Plan
1. Classification of parts of speech
2. Types of grammatical classes

of words

Beaudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929) and Academician F.F.Fortunatov of Russia,

and the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, Frank Palmer, V. V. Vinogradov, L. V. Scherba, A. I. Smirnitsky, B. A. Ilyish and others

Plan1. Classification of parts of speech2. Types of grammatical classes of wordsBeaudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929) and Academician

Слайд 3PARTS OF SPEECH-word division
classes of words

all the members

of these classes have certain characteristics in common

PARTS OF SPEECH-word division classes of words all the members of these classes have certain characteristics in

Слайд 4Notional and Functional
interrelation of lexical and grammatical types of

meaning
notion: lexical meaning is predominant

function: grammatical meaning dominates

over the lexical one

Notional and Functional interrelation of lexical and grammatical types of meaning notion: lexical meaning is predominant function:

Слайд 5Ancient Greek linguistics
lexico-grammatical classes of words

grammatically relevant properties:

semantic
formal
functional

Слайд 6Notional parts of speech

into grammatically relevant sets of

words
or
certain lexico-grammatical classes of words

were formulated by L.V.Shcherba

Notional parts of speech into grammatically relevant sets of wordsorcertain lexico-grammatical classes of wordswere formulated by

Слайд 7Semantic (lexical meaning )
generalized semantic properties (meaning) common to the

whole class of words

nouns - “thingness”
verbs - process
adjectives - substantive

property
adverbs - non-substantive property

Semantic (lexical meaning ) generalized semantic properties (meaning) common to the whole class of wordsnouns - “thingness”verbs

Слайд 8Formal (morphological form)
word-building and word-changing

property, bitterness, worker
boy-boys, boy

– boy’s, boy – the boy – a boy

Formal (morphological form) word-building and word-changing property, bitterness, worker boy-boys, boy – boy’s, boy – the boy –

Слайд 9Functional (syntactic functioning)
fulfillment in the sentence

noun: subject and an object
finite

form of the verb: predicate
adjective: attribute
adverb: adverbial modifier.

Functional (syntactic functioning)fulfillment in the sentencenoun: subject and an objectfinite form of the verb: predicate adjective: attributeadverb:

Слайд 10Notional words – complete nominative meanings
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Pronouns
Numerals

are in most

cases changeable and fulfill self-dependent syntactic functions in the sentence

Notional words – complete nominative meaningsNounsVerbsAdjectivesAdverbsPronouns Numerals are in most cases changeable and fulfill self-dependent syntactic

Слайд 11Functional words – incomplete nominative value

Conjunctions
Prepositions
Articles
interjections
particles
modal words

are

unchangeable and fulfill mediatory, constructional syntactic functions & do not

distinguish any common semantic, or formal, or functional properties

Functional words – incomplete nominative valueConjunctionsPrepositionsArticles interjections particles modal wordsare unchangeable and fulfill mediatory, constructional syntactic

Слайд 12 NOUN - substantivity
semantic and grammatical properties:

-proper and common
-animate

and inanimate
-countable and uncountable
-simple and compound

NOUN - substantivity semantic and grammatical properties: -proper and common-animate and inanimate-countable and uncountable-simple and

Слайд 13 NOUN

proper nouns - individual names, geographical names, the names

of the months and the days of the week, names

of ships, hotels, clubs, etc.
common nouns - class of persons or things (man, book), collections of similar individuals or things regarded as a single unit (peasantry, family), materials (iron,cotton) or abstract notions (kindness, development)

NOUN proper nouns - individual names, geographical names, the names of the months and the

Слайд 14VERB - action
semantically and grammatically:

finite infinite
simple derived phrasal
auxiliary modal

link-verbs
transitive intransitive
regular irregular

actional: He wrote a letter

statal: He will soon recover

VERB - actionsemantically and grammatically:finite infinite simple derived phrasal auxiliary modal link-verbstransitive intransitiveregular irregular actional: He

Слайд 15ADJECTIVE - quality of a substance
meanings and grammatical characteristics

qualitative:

degrees of comparison (comparative, superlative)

relative - relation to substance, as

size, shape, colour, physical and mental qualities, qualities of general estimation: little, large, high, soft, warm, white, important, etc.

ADJECTIVE - quality of a substancemeanings and grammatical characteristics qualitative: degrees of comparison (comparative, superlative)relative - relation

Слайд 16ADJECTIVE
In a sentence

grammatical meaning (quality possessing certain stability), e.g. a

fast train – an approaching train

attribute or predicative

ADJECTIVEIn a sentencegrammatical meaning (quality possessing certain stability), e.g. a fast train – an approaching trainattribute or

Слайд 17PRONOUN and NUMERALS - do not have any syntactic functions

of their own
but
resemble in their formal and functional properties different

notional parts of speech:
e.g., cardinal numerals function as substantives, ordinal numerals function as adjectives
the same can be said about personal pronouns and possessive pronouns

PRONOUN and NUMERALS - do not have any syntactic functions of their ownbutresemble in their formal and

Слайд 18PRONOUN
semantic classification

personal possessive demonstrative
Interrogative reciprocal relative
Indefinite negative conjunctive
defining reflexive

PRONOUNsemantic classification personal possessive demonstrativeInterrogative reciprocal relativeIndefinite negative conjunctivedefining reflexive

Слайд 19PRONOUN and NUMERALS
Functions in a sentence
PRONOUNS: subject, predicative, object, attribute

Numerals:

nouns and adjectives (teen, -ty, -th);
neither morphologic nor syntactic features;
indicates

number or the order of persons and things in a series

PRONOUN and NUMERALSFunctions in a sentencePRONOUNS: subject, predicative, object, attributeNumerals: nouns and adjectives (teen, -ty, -th);neither morphologic

Слайд 20ADVERB – some circumstances that attend an action, state or

quality
adverbs of time (today, soon, etc.);
adverbs of repetition or

frequency (often, seldom, over, etc.);
adverbs of place and direction (inside, backward, etc.);
adverbs of cause and consequence (therefore, accordingly, etc.);
adverbs of manner (kindly, hard, etc.);
adverbs of degree, measure and quantity (very, almost, once, etc.).

ADVERB – some circumstances that attend an action, state or quality adverbs of time (today,

Слайд 21ADVERB
degrees of comparison
of ‘well’, ‘badly’, ‘much’, ‘little’
‘fast’, ‘near’, ‘hard’

the forms are analytical (wisely - more wisely - most

wisely)
‘far’ has a peculiar form

ADVERBdegrees of comparisonof ‘well’, ‘badly’, ‘much’, ‘little’ ‘fast’, ‘near’, ‘hard’ the forms are analytical (wisely - more

Слайд 22ADVERB
In a sentence

adverbial modifier (said softly, nice in a way)
attribute

Слайд 23FUNCTIONAL PARTS OF SPEECH
Modal words:
attitude to the reality, possibility or

probability of the action

used parenthetically or as sentence-words (perhaps,

maybe, indeed, etc.)

FUNCTIONAL PARTS OF SPEECHModal words:attitude to the reality, possibility or probability of the action used parenthetically or

Слайд 24 INTERJECTION - emotions
primary are not derived from other parts

of speech: ah, oh, eh, pooh, hum, fie, bravo, hush,

heigh-ho! hey-ho! holla-ho! gee-ho!

secondary are derived from other parts of speech: well, now, why, God gracious, damn it, etc.

INTERJECTION - emotions primary are not derived from other parts of speech: ah, oh,

Слайд 25CONJUNCTION
- connections between objects and phenomena in various syntactic structures

and units
coordinating (join coordinate clauses in a compound sentence) :

Copulative : and, nor, as well as, both…and, not only…but (also), neither…nor; Disjunctive : or, either…or, or else, else; Adversative: but, while, whereas; Causative-consecutive: so, for
subordinating (join a subordinate or dependent clause to a principal clause) -that, as if – as though

CONJUNCTION- connections between objects and phenomena in various syntactic structures and unitscoordinating (join coordinate clauses in a

Слайд 26PREPOSITION - relations between objects and phenomena
- prepositions of place

and direction (in, on, below, under, between, etc.)
- time (after,

before, at, etc.)
- prepositions expressing abstract relations (by, with, because of, etc.)

PREPOSITION - relations between objects and phenomena- prepositions of place and direction (in, on, below, under, between,

Слайд 27PARTICLE & ARTICLE
PARTICLE - modal or emotional emphasis: else, solely,

merely
ARTICLE - indicates the noun (definiteness or indefiniteness)

PARTICLE & ARTICLEPARTICLE - modal or emotional emphasis: else, solely, merelyARTICLE - indicates the noun (definiteness or

Слайд 28

Thank you

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Theme: Parts of speech

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Слайд 1Theme: Parts of speech

Слайд 2Plan1. Classification of parts of speech2. Types of grammatical classes

of wordsBeaudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929) and Academician F.F.Fortunatov of Russia,

Слайд 3PARTS OF SPEECH-word division classes of words all the members

of these classes have certain characteristics in common

Слайд 4Notional and Functional interrelation of lexical and grammatical types of

meaning notion: lexical meaning is predominant function: grammatical meaning dominates

Слайд 5Ancient Greek linguistics lexico-grammatical classes of words grammatically relevant properties:

semanticformal functional

Слайд 6Notional parts of speech into grammatically relevant sets of

wordsorcertain lexico-grammatical classes of wordswere formulated by L.V.Shcherba

Слайд 7Semantic (lexical meaning ) generalized semantic properties (meaning) common to the

whole class of wordsnouns - “thingness”verbs - processadjectives - substantive

Слайд 8Formal (morphological form) word-building and word-changing property, bitterness, worker boy-boys, boy

– boy’s, boy – the boy – a boy

Слайд 9Functional (syntactic functioning)fulfillment in the sentencenoun: subject and an objectfinite

form of the verb: predicate adjective: attributeadverb: adverbial modifier.

Слайд 10Notional words – complete nominative meaningsNounsVerbsAdjectivesAdverbsPronouns Numerals are in most

cases changeable and fulfill self-dependent syntactic functions in the sentence

Слайд 11Functional words – incomplete nominative valueConjunctionsPrepositionsArticles interjections particles modal wordsare

unchangeable and fulfill mediatory, constructional syntactic functions & do not

Слайд 12 NOUN - substantivity semantic and grammatical properties: -proper and common-animate

and inanimate-countable and uncountable-simple and compound

Слайд 13 NOUN proper nouns - individual names, geographical names, the names

of the months and the days of the week, names

Слайд 14VERB - actionsemantically and grammatically:finite infinite simple derived phrasal auxiliary modal

link-verbstransitive intransitiveregular irregular actional: He wrote a letter

Слайд 15ADJECTIVE - quality of a substancemeanings and grammatical characteristics qualitative:

degrees of comparison (comparative, superlative)relative - relation to substance, as

Слайд 16ADJECTIVEIn a sentencegrammatical meaning (quality possessing certain stability), e.g. a

fast train – an approaching trainattribute or predicative

Слайд 17PRONOUN and NUMERALS - do not have any syntactic functions

of their ownbutresemble in their formal and functional properties different

Слайд 18PRONOUNsemantic classification personal possessive demonstrativeInterrogative reciprocal relativeIndefinite negative conjunctivedefining reflexive

Слайд 19PRONOUN and NUMERALSFunctions in a sentencePRONOUNS: subject, predicative, object, attributeNumerals:

nouns and adjectives (teen, -ty, -th);neither morphologic nor syntactic features;indicates