Венерина мухоловка ( Dionaea muscipula ) — миксотроф: в её вегетативных органах

идёт процесс фотосинтеза, но растение также ловит и переваривает насекомых

Epidermis (E):

section through a rhubarb stem, Rheum rhaponticum. Cut xylem vessels

are coloured brown, and parenchyma cells are coloured green. Xylem vessels are responsible for the upward transport of water and solutes in the plant, from the roots into the stem and leaves. Here, these vessels are reinforced and strengthened with spiral bands of lignin. Spiral bands allow xylem vessels to elongate and grow lengthwise. Parenchyma cells form a ground tissue in which other tissues, such as xylem, are embedded.
Magnification: x290 at 5x7cm size. x1000 at 10x8"

the stem of a pea plant, Pisum sativum. The micrograph

shows a xylem vessel, or water conducting vessel, in which the cell wall has been strengthened, or lignified, in a spiral pattern. This strengthening provides support for the plant. Xylem cells are dead cells that in the course of development have lost their cytoplasm. The cross walls separating individual cells have broken down to form a continuous tubelike structure, which is capable of transporting water & minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Magnification: X 330 at 35mm size. Original is BW print b725/129.

of a transverse section through the stem of a woody

plant. The vascular tissue seen here includes xylem (orange, centre), which transports water and mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant. Surrounding the xylem is the phloem (green), which transports carbohydrates and plant hormones around the plant. The phloem includes sieve plates.
Magnification: x600 when printed 10 centimetres wide.

through xylem tissue from a dicotyledon rootlet. Xylem vessels (brown)

transport water and mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant. It thick lignin walls also provide structural support. Surrounding the vessels are parenchyma cells.

sections of the xylem of charcoal. Micrograph shows large vessels

with pitted walls and thick walled tracheids.
Magnification 260x.

wood cells from southern white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides). Cells made

in the spring of the year (upper portion) are somewhat larger in their cross-section, while Cells made in the summer (lower portion) have a smaller cross-section and a thicker wall. Magnification 1000x.

a transverse section through a plant stem, showing sieve plates

in the phloem. Phloem is the part of a plant's vascular system responsible for the transport of organic food matter from the leaves downwards to the roots. The sieve plates are the dividing barriers between sieve tubes, sections of phloem adapted purely for the translocation of nutrients around the plant. The sieve plates are surrounded by narrower tubes. The narrower tubes are phloem parenchyma which have a structural rather than vascular role. Magnification: x800 at 6x7cm size.

From left to right: pumpkin, green bean, castor bean, tomato.

with Aniline Blue and seen with Violet Fluorescence. The cell

walls of the Xylem are auto fluorescent while the fluorescence of the Phloem is due to Callose which has stained with Aniline Blue. Plastids will fluoresce red. Xylem fluorescence will also be blue but you can easily identify it due to the characteristic secondary wall thickenings.

a vascular bundle of bamboo.
B) Sieve plate in bamboo

before injury.
C-F) Callose formation around pores after
3 min (C),
10 min (D,E) and
20 min (F).

(S);
ER: endoplasmatic reticulum (Aristolochia brasiliensis)
H.-D. BEHNKE, 1971

microscope (left) and the transmission electron microscope (roght). SE= sieve

element, CC = companion cell.

sieve elements, derived from dispersive P-protein bodies.

spindle shaped in the low volume state (A,C,D). After injury

they contract longitudinally and swell radially, which leads to a significant volume increase and occlusion of the sieve tube (B,E,F). In green been forisomes have long terminal extrusions called tails. Forisome morphology is of taxonomic significance (see Peters et al. 2010 in the literature section.)

CC, companion cell; CP, forisome; CW, cell wall; ER, endoplasmic

reticulum; M, mitochondria; N, nucleus; P and Pl, plastids; PP, parietal protein; PPU, pore plasmodesma unit; SE, sieve element; SP, sieve plate; V, vacuole.

= chloroplast, Cl = clamp proteins, ER = endoplasmic reticulum,

EV = electron dense vesicles, GM = ground matrix, M = mitochondrium, N = nucleus, P = plastid, SR = SEOR1 filaments, V = vacuole.

отверстие в клеточной мембране;
мерокриновый с выходом секрета через неповрежденную

плазматическую мембрану.