X-Rays Radiation Application in Medicine

on nature: roentgen & γ-rays)
CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
α-particles flow
Proton radiation

Space rays

β-particles flow

Neutron radiation

different fields of experimental physics.
1895 he discovered new kind

of rays & called them X-Rays. These rays are known now as Roentgen Rays. He made the first roentgen pictures – pictures of his & his wife’s arms.

ROENTGEN RADIATION is electromagnetic waves with
wavelength < 10 нм. Е>10 еV.

Wilhelm Roentgen (1845-1923), germany physicist – experimentalist, Nobel prize laureate (1901)

HYSTORY OF X-RAYS DISCOVERY

ROENTGEN PICTURE & THE MODERN ONE
Modern roentgen picture of an

arm

X ray radiation (green) emitted by charged particles, such as

electrons (yellow), which are braking around other charged particles, such as an atom nucleus (blue)  

is bombarded by an electron beam, some electrons are knocked

out of their shells in a process called inner-shell ionization. About 0.1% of the electrons produce K-shell vacancies; most produce heat. Outer-shell electrons fall in to fill a vacancy in a process of self-neutralization. The energy required to produce inner-shell ionization is termed the excitation potential or critical ionization potential (Ec).

MOZLY LAW

of electro magnetic radiation is change. Used for roentgen structure

analysis.

the crystal,   symmetrical pattern of spots (Lauegram) appears. German scientist Max von Laue (1879-1960) was the first who predicted

the possibility of using X-rays to determine the structure of bodies. Lauehram reading when the structure of crystal is unknown - a difficult task. If the structure of the crystal is known, the Laue method allows to determine the wavelengths, to make Roentgen spectroscopy.

Let the distance between the two crystal-plane we marked by d.Two parallel on-me 1 and 2 are falling at an angle α to theseplanes and diffracts at ions A and B. diffracted rays 1 'and 2'interfere, and if the beam 2.2 'has relatively beam 1.1' path difference equal to l or a whole multiple of it, their intensity yutsyacomplexity. Spot on a photographic plate occurs only when strictlya corner, which is performed for conditions of
 Bragg:

For this purpose it is better to use the method developed by father and son Braggs. Each crystal can be imagined as a set of separate parallel layers of ions or atoms, called the crystal planes.

COHERENT LENGTHS USE