Слайд 3Good flavor and aroma, combined with the stimulant caffeine, have
helped to make coffee one of the most popular drinks
in the world. Coffee is prepared by brewing the roasted and ground beans of a coffee tree in water. It takes at least 20 steps to get from a coffee tree to a steaming cup of coffee.
Слайд 5There are at least 60 species of coffee trees in
the world. Because the coffee tree requires a warm climate
and plenty of moisture, it is grown in the tropical areas of the world.
Слайд 7Since the mid-1800s, Brazil has been the foremost coffee-growing nation.
Other Latin American countries, particularly Colombia, are also major producers
of coffee as are Indonesia and the African countries of Côte d'Ivoire and Ethiopia.
Слайд 9Two varieties of the coffee tree—Arabica and Robusta—account for almost
all of the world's production of coffee. Arabica is the
most popular because it has more flavor and fragrance than Robusta.
Слайд 11Arabica is grown in Central and South America, the Caribbean,
and Indonesia. Robusta, on the other hand, is grown mainly
in Africa. It has gained importance because it is resistant to disease and useful in making instant coffee.
Слайд 13An ordinary cup of coffee contains about 150 milligrams of
caffeine, a chemical substance found naturally in coffee beans. Caffeine
stimulates, or arouses to greater activity, the heart muscles as well as the central nervous system.
Слайд 15For some people, drinking a cup of coffee in the
evening makes it difficult for them to fall asleep. Although
there are side effects associated with drinking coffee, coffee is not considered harmful to the average adult. However, young children should not drink it.
Слайд 16Because of the negative effects of caffeine, researchers have developed
decaffeinated coffee. In decaffeinated coffee, the caffeine is removed from
the beans before roasting. This way, coffee can be enjoyed without experiencing the side effects of caffeine.
Слайд 17Another type of coffee is instant coffee. Developed after World
War 2, this coffee powder dissolves immediately in hot water.
Слайд 18Finally, espresso is a special brew made from finely ground,
darkly roasted coffee. Popular in Europe, espresso is prepared by
forcing steam through the coffee grounds. Because of the concentrated nature of espresso, it is usually consumed in small amounts or with milk.
Слайд 20Coffee is believed to have originated in Ethiopia, in Africa,
in about the 6th century AD. From Africa, coffee was
brought to Arabia. At first, it was used as a food, as a medicine, and in wines. It appeared in the familiar drink form in about the 11th century.
Слайд 21In the 16th and 17th centuries coffee became a popular
drink in Europe and its colonies, including the Americas. Until
that time it was grown only in Arabia, but in the 17th century Dutch merchants helped spread the cultivation of coffee to Indonesia.
Слайд 22 In the 18th century it spread to the Americas.
Coffeehouses soon became popular in England and in the colonies,
and they remain popular today.