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Linking words and their functions 11 класс

Linking devices Position in the textThe function of linking wordsGrammatical differences

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Слайд 1Linking Words
and their functions
Фадеева Юлия Владимировна
Учитель английского языка
МКОУ

«Таёжнинская средняя школа №7»
Красноярский край
11 класс

Linking Words and their functions Фадеева Юлия ВладимировнаУчитель английского языкаМКОУ «Таёжнинская средняя школа №7»Красноярский край11 класс

Слайд 2Linking devices
 

Position
in the text
The function
of linking words
Grammatical
differences

Linking devices Position in the textThe function of linking wordsGrammatical differences

Слайд 3Position in the text
Some linking words normally form a link

between clauses WITHIN a sentence. It is bad style to

start a sentence with these words:
 
and       but            so         because          then             until             such as
 
 
Another type of linking device is used to form a link BETWEEN sentences. These words usually followed by a comma:
 
Furthermore,     Moreover,     However,     Nevertheless,     
 Therefore,        In conclusion,

Position in the textSome linking words normally form a link between clauses WITHIN a sentence. It is

Слайд 4The function of linking words
Linking devices are neither nouns, nor

verbs. They provide a text with cohesion and illustrate how

the parts of the text relate to each other. Here are some of the functions which linking words provide.

Adding extra information to the main point
contrasting ideas
expressing cause and effect
showing exactly when something happened, expressing purpose (why?) and opinion
listing examples
making conclusions and giving emphasis.

The function of linking wordsLinking devices are neither nouns, nor verbs. They provide a text with cohesion

Слайд 5Grammatical differences
Some linking words must be followed by a clause

Subject + Verb + Object
while    why          because    although  so    whereas  when

Other linking words should be followed

by a noun
Linking word + (the) + Noun/Pronoun or gerund
    because of     despite     during       in spite of

Grammatical differencesSome linking words must be followed by a clause Subject + Verb + Objectwhile    why          because    although  so    whereas  whenOther linking words

Слайд 6Adding
as well as
besides
Moreover,
Furthermore,
What is more,
In addition,
not only .... but

also
another point is that

Contrasting
However,
Although
In spite of
Nevertheless,
On the contrary,
on the one

hand
on the other hand,
whereas
While
In contrast,
Neither...nor
Adding  as well asbesidesMoreover,Furthermore,What is more,In addition,not only .... but alsoanother point is thatContrastingHowever,AlthoughIn spite ofNevertheless,On

Слайд 7Expressing cause /reason
because
as
since
This is why
because of
Due to
Owing to
For this reason,

Expressing

effect /result
so....that
such a...that
Therefore
Thus
Consequently,
As a result,
too...for/to
not enough...for/to

Expressing  cause /reasonbecauseassinceThis is whybecause ofDue toOwing toFor this reason,Expressing effect /resultso....thatsuch a...thatThereforeThusConsequently,As a result,too...for/tonot enough...for/to

Слайд 8First (of all)
At first
In the beginning
then
next
Before
After that
afterwards
When
While
during
Soon
immediately
Once
Suddenly
As soon as
on
No sooner....than
Hardly...when
Finally
Eventually
At

the end
In the end
At last
To begin with,
until
Narration

First (of all)At firstIn the beginningthennextBeforeAfter thatafterwardsWhenWhileduringSoonimmediatelyOnceSuddenlyAs soon asonNo sooner....thanHardly...whenFinallyEventuallyAt the endIn the endAt lastTo begin with,untilNarration

Слайд 9Expressing purpose
to
so as to
in order that
so that
for (Non-specific)

I would say

that
In my opinion,
I think (that)
I believe (that)
Personally
Apparently,
 
Expressing opinion

Expressing purposetoso as toin order thatso thatfor (Non-specific)I would say thatIn my opinion,I think (that)I believe (that)PersonallyApparently, Expressing

Слайд 10Giving examples
for example,
for instance,
For one thing,
this includes,
such as (for example),
i.e.

(that is)

Summing up
/concluding
All in all
overall
generally
In conclusion,
on the whole
in the

main
To sum up,
Giving examplesfor example,for instance,For one thing,this includes,such as (for example),i.e. (that is)Summing up /concludingAll in alloverallgenerallyIn conclusion,on

Слайд 11Emphasis
especially
particularly
Naturally,
exactly because
above all
Whatever
Whenever
too / enough
The more ....

EmphasisespeciallyparticularlyNaturally,exactly becauseabove allWhateverWhenevertoo / enoughThe more ....

Слайд 12Write the sentence again, using the word in brackets. The

meaning must stay exactly the same

1. She is a very

good English speaker. You would think it was her native language.
___________________________________________________________________ (so)
2. There were so many people in the room that we couldn't move.
___________________________________________________________________ (such)
3. We missed the film because there was such a lot of traffic.
___________________________________________________________________ (so)
4. I can't wear this coat in winter, It's not warm enough.
___________________________________________________________________ (too)
5. When he speaks English, I can't understand what he says.
___________________________________________________________________ (enough)
6. We lost the match although we we the better team.
___________________________________________________________________ (despite)

Write the sentence again, using the word in brackets. The meaning must stay exactly the same 1.

Слайд 13Использованные источники
http://odintsovo.biz/img/catalog/yellow/urisconsult.gif
https://otvet.imgsmail.ru/download/49970690_de6f6cce363e388e0547d7fadcac206b_800.gif
http://www.cliparthut.com/clip-arts/1341/animated-hourglass-clip-art-1341495.gif
http://mediaturbo.com/images/dart.gif
http://s01.yapfiles.ru/files/17917/dlyamerii.gif
http://www.shkola41.edusite.ru/images/voskznak.gif
http://web42.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/linkepites.jpg
http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwdex.html
http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwd.html


Использованные источникиhttp://odintsovo.biz/img/catalog/yellow/urisconsult.gifhttps://otvet.imgsmail.ru/download/49970690_de6f6cce363e388e0547d7fadcac206b_800.gifhttp://www.cliparthut.com/clip-arts/1341/animated-hourglass-clip-art-1341495.gifhttp://mediaturbo.com/images/dart.gifhttp://s01.yapfiles.ru/files/17917/dlyamerii.gifhttp://www.shkola41.edusite.ru/images/voskznak.gifhttp://web42.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/linkepites.jpghttp://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwdex.htmlhttp://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwd.html

Слайд 14Good luck!

Good luck!

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