Модальные глаголы

временам и имеет эквиваленты 4) с частицей not 5) употребляются без вспомогательных

глаголов при вопросах

read. Can I read?

verbs:
1. The green wire should be connected to

terminal 4.
2. You mustn’t turn the machine when the red warning light is on.
3. This lever can be up or down.
4. We can recycle old products to make new ones.
5. The red switch has to be on.
6. A rheostat is a resistor whose resistance value may be varied.
7. That morning he had to leave his car at home.
8. You can’t ride a motorbike with no helmet.

and their equivalents:

1. He must- work

hard to finish his experiment.
2. I can- devote myself to scientific work.
3. You may- repeat this experiment.
4. He must- illustrate this law by several experiments.
5. She can- study automation in the college.
6. They may- carry out these experiments at the laboratory.

HAD TO

this map?
____ you speak Spanish? — No, unfortunately I

____ not.
At what time ____ you come to college?
____ I come in?
You ____ not smoke here.
____ take your book? — I am afraid not: I need it.
I have very little time: I ____ go.
They ____ not go to the cinema today because they are busy.
You ____ read this text: it is easy enough.

equipment ... reprogrammed and changed over. 2. The applications of

robots ... divided into three categories. 3. The petrol engine ... develop much power at low speeds. 4. Despite its diversity, electrical engineering ... divided into four main branches. 5. He ... finish the work because of the lack of money. 6. Computers ... input, calculate, compare, and output data as information. 7. Engineers ... know how materials respond to external forces, such as tension, compression, torsion, bending, and shear.