School and Higher Education in Britain

СПО Российский колледж традиционной культуры
Санкт-Петербурга, 2012

of the nineteenth century - the free and necessary education

for the children from 5 to 10 years.
At the end of World War all education beyond the age of 11 became `secondary`.
About a fifth of all children, chosen by examination, went to grammar schools to get certificates at 16, and then 18.

This was designed to give possibility for children of all

types and inclinations to pass some subjects corresponding with their talents.
The certificates are awarded on a basis, partly of course work, and partly of work on projects made by the children.

their academic year in September.
The year consists of three

terms.
The intervals between the terms are formed by the Christmas and Easter holidays
Summer Holidays last five weeks.

The schools are open from 9.00 am. until 4.00 pm. all the week days except Saturday and Sunday.

informal development of expression and ability to concentrate. This period

starts at five years of age.
Often children stay with the same teacher all the time for this whole 'infant' period.

tried to make the secondary schools of equal standard.
Parents may

ask for their children to go one school rather than another.
The old practice of 'streaming', or teaching children in classes separated according to ability, is unfashionable. But is still used.

of about 80 boarding schools had a great effect on

the English social attitudes.
One of these school, Eton, is perhaps better known by name outside its own country than any other school in the world.
It was founded by King Henry VI in 1440 and is located across the Thames river from Windsor Castle.
More than half of all peers who have inherited their titles are old Etonians.

in the ordinary state schools.
Nowadays, it takes the form

of the study of different religions.
On the other hand there are some organized by the Church of England, some Roman Catholic schools and several Muslim schools.

to the 'sixth form
Those who hope to continue after

eighteen at the universities or other higher-level colleges, aim to get advanced-level GCSE certificates. They are usually in three subjects.

Further entry to the university is based on the grades A, B, C, D and E.

at least one college.
Some of the students do full

time courses.
Many have jobs and attend classes in the evening.
Those students who pass the examinations obtain the qualifications of Bachelor /of Science, Art, Justice, etc/.

Most people who become BA, BSc, etc. do so at the age of about twenty-one.
Degrees are classified.

/of Arts, Science, etc./ which often need two further years

of study, with examination papers and dissertations.
A minority go on further, preparing thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy /PhD/.
England had only two universities until 1820, Oxford and Cambridge.