Speech Culture

explains standards of oral and written literary language.

and grammatical synonymy.

pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar;
standards which reflect the traditions enshrined in literature

by artists in words;
language development trends, which renew the standard.

linguistic norm
focus on the receptor
ability to use speech mechanisms
expressiveness as

overcoming the norm

criteria can be used:
criterion of truth
pragmatic criterion
criterion of relevance
criterion of

originality

criterion of scientific value

also some value.
Basic laws of logic must be observed:
law of

identity,
law of sufficient reason,
law of contradiction,
law of the excluded middle.

the objective, the main idea of your speech, can easily

find examples, have great imagination;
know the receptor of the speech, can feel and predict the reaction and change the speech composition on the spot because of this reaction;
can answer quickly, especially in a dialogue;
can be oriented towards the type of speech and the genre of utterance;
can feel free during the act of oral speech, can easily use paralinguistic means, gestures, "play" with prosodic means.

too slow tempo of speech
begin the phrase and not be

able to finish it
excessive liveliness

+

articulate sounds carefully
use our breath properly
make up syntactic constructions easily
answer quickly
use various and appropriate intonations, mimics, gestures, poses
restrained irony, wittiness, warmth

implementations of the language system, selected and fixed in the

process of speech in literature – exemplary, classic, fiction, scientific, journalistic; a set of rules and traditions in different areas of the language.

pronunciation level

lexical level

morphemic level

morphologic level

of communication – a complete and adequate understanding of speech

by the receptor.

and psychological),
intonation,
mimics, body language,
acting,
rhetorical questions,
repetitions,
parallel constructions,

gradation,
paradoxes, etc.

Means of extra-expressiveness:
foreign speech,
creating new words,
dialecticisms,
colloquial words, etc.

contents, orders, characters and situational relevance of utterance or expression.

level
stylistic level
level of intonation
level of orthoepy
level of organization of communication
E.g.,

thank you, excuse me, see you

E.g., Give me your pen, please.

E.g., \Come here. /Come here.

E.g., let me – lemme

Penelope Brown & Stephen Levinson (1987).
Based on Erving Goffman’s notion

of face. 
It is expected that every speaker attempts to respect the face want of others. There are many ways of performing face saving acts.

face saving act

face threatening act

face want

politeness

face

Face
use of nicknames,
use of shared dialect,
use of slang,
We… Let’s…

wonder where I put my pen …” The other can

act as if he or she hasn’t heard.
On record statements are addressed: “I haven’t got a pen”.
Bald on record statements: “Give me a pen”. They are often followed by “mitigating devices” such as “please”, “would you” etc.