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Speech Culture презентация, доклад

Speech Culture

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1Speech Culture
& Speech Etiquette

Speech Culture& Speech Etiquette

Слайд 2Speech Culture

Speech Culture

Слайд 3
Speech culture is a branch of linguistics, which sets and

explains standards of oral and written literary language.

Speech culture is a branch of linguistics, which sets and explains standards of oral and written literary

Слайд 4Two Stages of Speech Culture


Speech Correctness
Speech Proficiency
appropriateness
accuracy
expressiveness
clarity
originality

Two Stages of Speech CultureSpeech CorrectnessSpeech Proficiencyappropriatenessaccuracyexpressivenessclarityoriginality

Слайд 5The basis of choice in speech culture is lexical, phraseological

and grammatical synonymy.

The basis of choice in speech culture is lexical, phraseological and grammatical synonymy.

Слайд 6The Objective of Speech Culture
defining objective language standards in

pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar;
standards which reflect the traditions enshrined in literature

by artists in words;
language development trends, which renew the standard.
The Objective of Speech Culture defining objective language standards in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar;standards which reflect the traditions

Слайд 7What Does Speech Culture Require?
content
structure
logic
language literary norm
communicative expediency
expressiveness within the

linguistic norm
focus on the receptor
ability to use speech mechanisms
expressiveness as

overcoming the norm
What Does Speech Culture Require?contentstructurelogiclanguage literary normcommunicative expediencyexpressiveness within the linguistic normfocus on the receptorability to use

Слайд 8Content of Speech
For evaluating the content of speech, the following

criteria can be used:
criterion of truth
pragmatic criterion
criterion of relevance
criterion of

originality

criterion of scientific value

Content of SpeechFor evaluating the content of speech, the following criteria can be used:criterion of truthpragmatic criterioncriterion

Слайд 9Logic of Speech
The thought must have a clear structure and

also some value.
Basic laws of logic must be observed:
law of

identity,
law of sufficient reason,
law of contradiction,
law of the excluded middle.
Logic of SpeechThe thought must have a clear structure and also some value.Basic laws of logic must

Слайд 10Structure of Speech
Mastership in composition can be achieved if you:
know

the objective, the main idea of your speech, can easily

find examples, have great imagination;
know the receptor of the speech, can feel and predict the reaction and change the speech composition on the spot because of this reaction;
can answer quickly, especially in a dialogue;
can be oriented towards the type of speech and the genre of utterance;
can feel free during the act of oral speech, can easily use paralinguistic means, gestures, "play" with prosodic means.
Structure of SpeechMastership in composition can be achieved if you:know the objective, the main idea of your

Слайд 11Ability to Use Speech Mechanisms

fill pauses with “errr”
too fast or

too slow tempo of speech
begin the phrase and not be

able to finish it
excessive liveliness

+

articulate sounds carefully
use our breath properly
make up syntactic constructions easily
answer quickly
use various and appropriate intonations, mimics, gestures, poses
restrained irony, wittiness, warmth

Ability to Use Speech Mechanisms–fill pauses with “errr”too fast or too slow tempo of speechbegin the phrase

Слайд 12Language Literary Norm
Language norm is a set of stable traditional

implementations of the language system, selected and fixed in the

process of speech in literature – exemplary, classic, fiction, scientific, journalistic; a set of rules and traditions in different areas of the language.





pronunciation level

lexical level

morphemic level

morphologic level

Language Literary NormLanguage norm is a set of stable traditional implementations of the language system, selected and

Слайд 13Communicative Expediency
This pragmatic requirement is aimed at achieving the goal

of communication – a complete and adequate understanding of speech

by the receptor.
Communicative ExpediencyThis pragmatic requirement is aimed at achieving the goal of communication – a complete and adequate

Слайд 14Expressiveness
Means of expressiveness:
speech loudness and tempo,
voice timber,
pauses (logical

and psychological),
intonation,
mimics, body language,
acting,
rhetorical questions,
repetitions,
parallel constructions,


gradation,
paradoxes, etc.


Means of extra-expressiveness:
foreign speech,
creating new words,
dialecticisms,
colloquial words, etc.

ExpressivenessMeans of expressiveness:speech loudness and tempo, voice timber, pauses (logical and psychological), intonation, mimics, body language,acting, rhetorical

Слайд 15Speech Etiquette

Speech Etiquette

Слайд 16Speech etiquette is an accepted set of requirements of forms,

contents, orders, characters and situational relevance of utterance or expression.

Speech etiquette is an accepted set of requirements of forms, contents, orders, characters and situational relevance of

Слайд 17Realization of Speech Etiquette Elements at Different Language Levels
lexical level

morphological

level
stylistic level
level of intonation
level of orthoepy
level of organization of communication
E.g.,

thank you, excuse me, see you

E.g., Give me your pen, please.

E.g., \Come here. /Come here.

E.g., let me – lemme

Realization of Speech Etiquette Elements at Different Language Levelslexical levelmorphological levelstylistic levellevel of intonationlevel of orthoepylevel of

Слайд 18The Dynamics of Conversation

Conversation Analysis is based on Politeness of

Penelope Brown & Stephen Levinson (1987).
Based on Erving Goffman’s notion

of face. 
It is expected that every speaker attempts to respect the face want of others. There are many ways of performing face saving acts.

face saving act

face threatening act

face want

politeness

face

The Dynamics of ConversationConversation Analysis is based on Politeness of Penelope Brown & Stephen Levinson (1987).Based on

Слайд 19Negative Face
Could you…
I’m sorry to bother you, but…
May I ask…
Positive

Face
use of nicknames,
use of shared dialect,
use of slang,
We… Let’s…

Negative FaceCould you…I’m sorry to bother you, but…May I ask…Positive Faceuse of nicknames, use of shared dialect,use

Слайд 20On and Off Record
Off record statements are not addressed: “I

wonder where I put my pen …” The other can

act as if he or she hasn’t heard.
On record statements are addressed: “I haven’t got a pen”.
Bald on record statements: “Give me a pen”. They are often followed by “mitigating devices” such as “please”, “would you” etc.

On and Off RecordOff record statements are not addressed: “I wonder where I put my pen …”

Слайд 21Thank you for your attention!

Thank you for your attention!

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