Разделы презентаций


CHOLERA презентация, доклад

Содержание

Cholera dates back to the most ancient times. There were 7 pandemics1. 1817-18232. 1826-18373. 1846-18624. 1864-18755. 1883-18966. 1900-1926 Caused by V.cholera7. 1961-1963 Caused by V.cholera El Tor

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1CHOLERA
Department of Microbiology, Virology & Immunology
Ass. Prof. E. O. Kravtsova

CHOLERADepartment of Microbiology, Virology & ImmunologyAss. Prof. E. O. Kravtsova

Слайд 2Cholera dates back to the most ancient times. There were

7 pandemics
1. 1817-1823
2. 1826-1837
3. 1846-1862
4. 1864-1875
5. 1883-1896
6. 1900-1926 Caused

by V.cholera
7. 1961-1963 Caused by V.cholera El Tor

Cholera dates back to the most ancient times. There were 7 pandemics1. 1817-18232. 1826-18373. 1846-18624. 1864-18755. 1883-18966.

Слайд 31892 cholera outbreak in Hamburg, Germany, hospital ward
1892 cholera outbreak

in Hamburg, disinfection team

1892 cholera outbreak in Hamburg, Germany, hospital ward1892 cholera outbreak in Hamburg, disinfection team

Слайд 4The bacterium had been originally isolated in 1854 by Italian

anatomist Filippo Pacini, but his results were not widely known

around the world.

Filippo Pacini

The bacterium had been originally isolated in 1854 by Italian anatomist Filippo Pacini, but his results were

Слайд 5John Snow
John Snow (1813-1858) found a link between cholera and

contaminated drinking water in 1854.

He proposed a microbial origin

for epidemic cholera in 1849 and in his major state of the art review of 1855 he proposed a substantially complete and correct model for the aetiology of the disease.

In two pioneering epidemiological field-studies he was able to demonstrate that human sewage contamination was the most probable disease vector in two major epidemics in London in 1854.

John SnowJohn Snow (1813-1858) found a link between cholera and contaminated drinking water in 1854. He proposed

Слайд 6Robert Koch identified
V. cholerae in 1885.
Robert Koch

Robert Koch identified V. cholerae in 1885.Robert Koch

Слайд 7Robert Koch
Isolator of V.cholera
Nobel of Medicine,1905

Robert KochIsolator of V.choleraNobel of Medicine,1905

Слайд 9Taxonomy
FAMILY VIBRIONACEAE
Genus: Vibrio
Species: V.cholerae
Biovars: Cholerae (1883) and El Tor (1906)

TaxonomyFAMILY VIBRIONACEAEGenus: VibrioSpecies: V.choleraeBiovars: Cholerae (1883) and El Tor (1906)

Слайд 10 Although there are more than 130 different serogroups of

V. cholerae, most epidemics are associated with a single serotype,

V. cholerae O1.
In 1992 V.cholerae serogroup O139 (Bengal) was registered as a new causative agent of cholera.
Although there are more than 130 different serogroups of V. cholerae, most epidemics are associated with

Слайд 13FAMILY VIBRIONACEAE VIBRIO CHOLERAE
Gram «-» curved rods
Spores «-»

Capsula «-»
They are motile - monotrichous
V. cholerae has two circular chromosomes
Aerobes or

facultative anaerobes
Growth best in alkaline nutrient agar, pH 8.2
at t= 37C
Colonies are small, moist, translucent, round, bluish.
In 1% peptone water, growth occurs in about 6 hours as surface pellicle.

FAMILY VIBRIONACEAE VIBRIO CHOLERAEGram «-» curved rodsSpores «-»    Capsula «-»They are motile - monotrichousV.

Слайд 14TSBC agar

TSBC  agar

Слайд 15Biochemical properties
Ferment glucose, mannitol, maltose, mannose, sucrose (acid), but not

arabinose and lactose.
Indole is formed H2S «-»
Nitrates

are reduced to nitrites
Catalase and oxidase test are positive
Methyl red and urease test are negative
Gelatin is liquefied

Biochemical propertiesFerment glucose, mannitol, maltose, mannose, sucrose (acid), but not arabinose and lactose.Indole is formed

Слайд 16Heiberg, group 1
Mannose «+» acid
Saccharose «+» acid
Arabinose «-»

Heiberg, group 1Mannose «+» acidSaccharose «+» acidArabinose «-»

Слайд 17VIBRIO CHOLERAE
Antigens: H - flagellar , is common for

genus Vibrio

O-somatic, is type specific
O1 and O139
O1 - A, B, C.
AB – Ogava, AC – Inaba, ABC – Hikojima.


VIBRIO CHOLERAEAntigens:  H - flagellar , is common for genus  Vibrio

Слайд 18Resistance
Susceptible to heat, drying, acid and common disinfectants but resist

alkaline medium.
Destroyed at 55С in 15 minutes
Killed in few minutes

in gastric juice.
Survive more 4 weeks in river water.
On food stuff survive for 10 days.
ResistanceSusceptible to heat, drying, acid and common disinfectants but resist alkaline medium.Destroyed at 55С in 15 minutesKilled

Слайд 19Toxin Production
V.cholera produced enterotoxin called cholerogen which has a powerful

toxic effect and causes profuse, watery diarrhea.


V.cholera produced collagenase,

decarboxylase, lipase, mucinase and neuraminidase
Toxin ProductionV.cholera produced enterotoxin called cholerogen which has a powerful toxic effect and causes profuse, watery diarrhea. V.cholera

Слайд 20Cholerogen
Toxin binds to the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells

and releases an enzymatically active subunit that causes a rise

in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production.
The resulting high intracellular cAMP level causes massive secretion of electrolytes and water into the intestinal lumen.

CholerogenToxin binds to the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells and releases an enzymatically active subunit that

Слайд 21Cholera enterotoxin (cholerogen-exotoxin) is produced by the pathogen as it

grows in the infected human gastrointestinal tract.
The enterotoxin, which

consists of two molecular subunits, attaches to the cell membranes of intestinal epithelial cells.
The B subunit binds to molecules on the cell surface and propels the smaller A subunit into the cell, where it stimulates adenylate cyclase, a membrane-associated enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
The accumulation of cAMP results in massive secretion of salts and water from each affected cell.
The rapid loss of water produces a watery diarrhea that may cause a cholera patient to lose 20 liters of fluid daily.
Such a dramatic loss of water leads to severe dehydration, thickening of the blood, a decrease in blood volume, circulatory collapse (shock), and death if not rapidly treated.
Cholera enterotoxin (cholerogen-exotoxin) is produced by the pathogen as it grows in the infected human gastrointestinal tract.

Слайд 22Disease in Men
Cholera is transmitted by the fecal-oral route
Source

of infection: patients, carriers and contaminated water
Symptom of diseases:
Weakness
Vomiting
Diarrhea

Disease in MenCholera is transmitted by the fecal-oral route Source of infection: patients, carriers and contaminated waterSymptom

Слайд 23
Scanning electron microscopy during early infection.

Curved vibrios adhering to epithelial surface.
Vibrio cholerae attachment and

colonization in experimental rabbits. The events are assumed to be similar in human
Scanning electron microscopy during early infection. Curved vibrios adhering to epithelial surface. Vibrio cholerae

Слайд 24Development of diseases

Development of diseases

Слайд 25Symptom of disease
rice water stool

Symptom of disease rice water stool

Слайд 27Rapid Diagnosis
Material: feces, vomit, drinking water
Inoculate into 3 test tubes


Put in thermostat (t=37C, 6 hours)
Results:



1% peptone water

1% peptone water 1% peptone water
+ 01 antisera + 0.5% starch

Prepare micropreparation
Gram’s method
Motility exam
Slide Agglutination
with antisera

If <+> & present cholera


clumps

Add Lugol iodine 2-3 drops
Starch + Lugol => blue
V.cholera ferment starch => color not change

Rapid DiagnosisMaterial: feces, vomit, drinking waterInoculate into 3 test tubes Put in thermostat (t=37C, 6 hours)Results:1% peptone

Слайд 28Bacteriological Examination

Bacteriological Examination

Слайд 29DifferIdeIens of Biovars of Cholera Vi

DifferIdeIens of Biovars of Cholera Vi

Слайд 30Treatment and Immunoprophylaxis
In treating cholera, antibiotics, and continual replacement

of fluids and electrolytes are recommended. The fluid and electrolyte

balance can be maintained by the oral or intravenous administration of electrolytes in the presence of glucose. The glucose is essential because it stimulates uptake of sodium chloride and subsequent osmotic absorption of water.
Two types of vaccines against cholera are available, but they are only about 50 percent effective and confer immunity for only 6 months. In its current state, the vaccine is useless for preventing disease among residents of endemic areas. Several newer vaccines, some composed of toxic fragments, are being tested for use in endemic areas.
Treatment and Immunoprophylaxis In treating cholera, antibiotics, and continual replacement of fluids and electrolytes are recommended. The

Слайд 31Treatment
Cholera bacteriophages
Antibiotic of Tetracycline group
Pathogenic therapy
Control of dehydration

TreatmentCholera bacteriophagesAntibiotic of Tetracycline groupPathogenic therapyControl of dehydration

Слайд 32Prophylaxis
Immunization with vaccine
Water supply disinfection
Hospitalization
Isolation

ProphylaxisImmunization with vaccineWater supply disinfectionHospitalization Isolation

Обратная связь

Если не удалось найти и скачать доклад-презентацию, Вы можете заказать его на нашем сайте. Мы постараемся найти нужный Вам материал и отправим по электронной почте. Не стесняйтесь обращаться к нам, если у вас возникли вопросы или пожелания:

Email: Нажмите что бы посмотреть 

Что такое TheSlide.ru?

Это сайт презентации, докладов, проектов в PowerPoint. Здесь удобно  хранить и делиться своими презентациями с другими пользователями.


Для правообладателей

Яндекс.Метрика