Drug business in ancient times

Department

SIW
Grammar: Past Tenses
Student: Mirkhalikov A.A.
Group: 207 a PhR
Senior Teacher

: Korolevskaya S.A.

in the Middle Ages
conclusion
Internet resources
Past Tenses

alchemy, which is pursuing a fantastic problem at the same

time accumulating experience research substances.

treatment belonged to a woman. She was the keeper of

the family medical knowledge who knows time when to collect different kinds of grass. In addition, people usually mature and experienced, who are better versed in other diseases placed in each village. They were considered a little witches and sorcerers.

doctors in the Middle Ages

methods of cooking: grinding, maceration, decoction, drying and others.
manufacturing methods

of drugs

drugs traffickers, who roam the fairs and sold poisons and

love patches coupled with medicinal herbs.

the food sold herbs and other medicines.

from herbs and tinctures, it was a time of new

discoveries and knowledge.

did not/didn’t Verb (basic form)
Interrogative: Did + Subject + Verb

(basic form)
Past Continuous:
Subject + was/were + Verb-ing
Negative: Subject + was/were + not (wasn’t/weren’t) +Verb-ing
Interrogative: Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing ?
Past Perfect Simple:
Subject + had + Past Participle (Verb-ed or irregular form)

Negative: Subject + had + not (hadn’t)+ Past Participle Interrogative: Had + Subject + Past Participle

Past Tenses: Structures

the other:
“She opened the door, turned on the lights and

entered the house”
An action that happened in a certain situation.
“The car knocked the child down when he was crossing the road”
A short action finished in the past (you indicate when it happened with an adverb of Time):
“Yesterday, I arrived at home too late”.
A finished action that takes a long period of time (indicated in the sentence):
“I lived in Britain when I was young”

Past Simple: uses

lived in Italy” (live + ed  lived)
If the verb

ends in “consonant + y”  -ied
“They carried the boxes home” (carry + ed carried)
Duplication of the final consonant ONLY IF:
The verb ends in CVC: Consonant + vowel + ONE only Consonant (except X or W)
The last syllable is stressed
The vowel of the last syllable is “short”

They dropped the ball” / “They kidnapped my sister”

Exception: when the verb ends in “l” it doubles though the last syllable is not stressed. (example: “travelled”)

Past Simple: spelling rules

(i) or a temporal situation in the past (ii):
(i) At

midday last Sunday, I was working with my laptop
(ii) In 1998, I was living with my cousin
To express the action in progress in which another past action happened:
“The little kid was crossing the road when a car knocked him down”
To talk about the context in which the events of a story happened:
“It was getting dark, the sun was beginning to hide behind the hills, women were tidying up the entrance of the church. Suddenly, a strange red light appeared in the sky”
To talk about two actions that were taking place simultaneously in the past:
“My wife was talking on the phone while I was surfing the web”

Past Continuous: uses

completed action in the past.
“My family had already arrived before

I left”.
“After we had finished dinner, we got ready to go out.”
“When the police arrived, the murderer had killed everyone”.
“By the time we met, I had eaten all the packets of salt & vinegar crisps”
To show the cause of a past action
I was tired on Monday, I hadn’t slept well the night before
With time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, by the time, by, until
By the time I got home, my mother had already prepared dinner
With adverbs such as ever, never, already, yet, just, so far and still
I had never been to such a beautiful place before

Past Perfect Simple: uses

(duration)
I stayed in Scotland for two

years.
SINCE + a year, an event, etc. (indicates starting point)
I know him since my wedding.
Since 1978 people can vote in Spain.

BEFORE
[PAST PERFECT] WHEN + PAST SIMPLE
BY THE TIME

I had (already) bought my house before I got married / before I moved to UK
when I got married / when I moved to UK
by the time I got married / by the time I moved to UK

WHILE /AS + past continuous or past simple
= WHEN + past simple, past continuous

As/ while I was walking, I phoned my grandmother
= When I phoned her, I was walking

Time expressions

in Italy.
As soon as the news had been broadcast, I

phoned them.

BE CAREFUL!!! 
AS/SINCE can also mean BECAUSE
I didn’t go out because it was raining
= Since/ As it was raining, I didn’t go out.

Time expressions