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Eald Englisc sprac

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1. Eald Englisc sprac
2. Written recordsCaedmon’s Hymn, 7th centuryBeowulf, put down in 7th-8th centuries
3. Anglo-Saxon ChronicleBook of Durrow (in Latin)
4. General Characteristics of Old English PhoneticsVowels were
5. SpellingSpelling was phonetic :Cniht /kniht/Hlāf HringHad letters,
6. GrammarNo fixed word orderSynthetic language (lexical and
7. VocabularyThe majority of words were native, of
8. Old English Vocabulary
9. Se / seo / þæt – this, that (ms / fm / neuter)
10. Old English Phonetics
11. Vowels
12. Слайд 12
13. Слайд 13
14. Слайд 14
15. Palatal Mutation brought about new means of word-building
16. Consonant systemStrange, but in early Old English period there were no affricates:
17. How the affricates came into being
18. Слайд 18
19. The Category of Gender in Old English
20. Cases in Old EnglishNominative eaʒan (eyes)Genitive eaʒenaDative eaʒumAccusative eaʒan
21. Declensions
22. Слайд 22
23. Слайд 23
24. Слайд 24
25. Слайд 25
26. Root-stem declension
27. Verbal System
28. Old English Verbs and their categoriesFiniteNon- finite(Infinitive and Participle)TensePersonNumberMoodTense (for participle)Case
29. Case of non-finite verbs
30. There were two principal means for forming
31. Classes of strong verbs
32. Conjugation of strong verbs
33. Classes of weak verbs
34. Conjugation of weak verbs
35. Слайд 35
36. Слайд 36
37. Слайд 37
38. Слайд 38
39. Слайд 39
40. Слайд 40
41. Слайд 41
42. Слайд 42
43. Слайд 43
44. Скачать презентанцию

Written recordsCaedmon’s Hymn, 7th centuryBeowulf, put down in 7th-8th centuries

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1Eald Englisc sprac
5th-11th centuries

Eald Englisc sprac5th-11th centuries

Слайд 2Written records
Caedmon’s Hymn, 7th century

Beowulf, put down in 7th-8th centuries

Written recordsCaedmon’s Hymn, 7th centuryBeowulf, put down in 7th-8th centuries

Слайд 3Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Book of Durrow (in Latin)

Anglo-Saxon ChronicleBook of Durrow (in Latin)

Слайд 4General Characteristics of Old English Phonetics

Vowels were short and long,

with direct parallelism
Short: i, e, (œ), æ, a, o, u,

y (ie), ea, eo
Long: i:, e:, (œ:), æ:, a:, o:, u:, y: (ie:), ea:, eo:

Sound [y] was similar to [ю].

Consonants included some sounds non-existent today:
[ɣ] (g was pronounced as [g] after n, and [ɣ] in other cases.
Later palatalisation added more sounds:

/k/ became /tʃ/
/sk/ became /ʃ/
[ɡ] became [dʒ]
[ɣ] became [ʝ]

General Characteristics of Old English PhoneticsVowels were short and long, with direct parallelismShort: i, e, (œ), æ,

Слайд 5Spelling
Spelling was phonetic :
Cniht /kniht/
Hlāf
Hring
Had letters, which later disappeared:

æ, þ, ð, ʒ (g).
Letter „k“ was hardly used. „C“

was never used as [s].
Letters could be voiced or voiceless depending on their position. Compare: „hlaf“ but „hlaford“ [hlavord]
„Climb“, but „cild“ [ʦild]

SpellingSpelling was phonetic :Cniht /kniht/Hlāf HringHad letters, which later disappeared: æ, þ, ð, ʒ (g).Letter „k“ was

Слайд 6Grammar
No fixed word order
Synthetic language (lexical and grammatical notions were

in one unit).
Highly inflected, with many affixes:
Ic cepe –

þu cepst – he cepð

GrammarNo fixed word orderSynthetic language (lexical and grammatical notions were in one unit). Highly inflected, with many

Слайд 7Vocabulary
The majority of words were native, of proto-Germanic origin.
Had some

Latin borrowings: win (wine), æppel (apple), ciese (cheese),
Stræt (street), weall

(wall), myln (mill), biscop (bishop), munic (monk)

VocabularyThe majority of words were native, of proto-Germanic origin.Had some Latin borrowings: win (wine), æppel (apple), ciese

Слайд 8Old English Vocabulary

Old English Vocabulary

Слайд 9Se / seo / þæt – this, that (ms /

fm / neuter)

Se / seo / þæt – this, that (ms / fm / neuter)

Слайд 10Old English Phonetics

Old English Phonetics

Слайд 11Vowels

Vowels

Слайд 12

Слайд 13

Слайд 14

Слайд 15Palatal Mutation brought about new means of word-building

Palatal Mutation brought about new means of word-building

Слайд 16Consonant system
Strange, but in early Old English period there were

no affricates:

Consonant systemStrange, but in early Old English period there were no affricates:

Слайд 17How the affricates came into being

How the affricates came into being

Слайд 18

Слайд 19The Category of Gender in Old English

The Category of Gender in Old English

Слайд 20Cases in Old English
Nominative eaʒan (eyes)
Genitive eaʒena
Dative eaʒum
Accusative eaʒan

Cases in Old EnglishNominative eaʒan (eyes)Genitive eaʒenaDative eaʒumAccusative eaʒan

Слайд 21Declensions

Declensions

Слайд 22

Слайд 23

Слайд 24

Слайд 25

Слайд 26Root-stem declension

Root-stem declension

Слайд 27Verbal System

Verbal System

Слайд 28Old English Verbs and their categories
Finite
Non- finite(Infinitive and Participle)
Tense
Person
Number
Mood

Tense (for

participle)
Case

Old English Verbs and their categoriesFiniteNon- finite(Infinitive and Participle)TensePersonNumberMoodTense (for participle)Case

Слайд 29Case of non-finite verbs

Case of non-finite verbs

Слайд 30There were two principal means for forming verb-stems in Old English:

(1) by means of vowel interchange of the root vowel

(strong verbs) and (2) by means of suffixation (weak verbs).

There were two principal means for forming verb-stems in Old English: (1) by means of vowel interchange

Слайд 31Classes of strong verbs

Classes of strong verbs

Слайд 32Conjugation of strong verbs

Conjugation of strong verbs

Слайд 33Classes of weak verbs

Classes of weak verbs

Слайд 34Conjugation of weak verbs

Conjugation of weak verbs

Слайд 35

Слайд 36

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