Разделы презентаций
- Разное
- Английский язык
- Астрономия
- Алгебра
- Биология
- География
- Геометрия
- Детские презентации
- Информатика
- История
- Литература
- Математика
- Медицина
- Менеджмент
- Музыка
- МХК
- Немецкий язык
- ОБЖ
- Обществознание
- Окружающий мир
- Педагогика
- Русский язык
- Технология
- Физика
- Философия
- Химия
- Шаблоны, картинки для презентаций
- Экология
- Экономика
- Юриспруденция
Free trade and its benefits
Содержание
- 1. Free trade and its benefits
- 2. OutlineIntroduction: Warm-upProtectionism explanationNon-Tariff BarriersReasons for NTBTrade liberalisation explanationFree trade frameworkPotential benefitsReferencesQ&A
- 3. Warm-upFree trade is a policy which does
- 4. Protectionism and Free Trade
- 5. Protectionism
- 6. ProtectionismMeans by which trade between countries is
- 7. ProtectionismTariff: A tax on a good coming
- 8. Impact of a Tariff on SteelPrice of
- 9. Impact of a Quota on SteelPrice of
- 10. A price of the good increases and makes it less competitiveRESULTS
- 11. Non-Tariff BarriersAny methods not covered by a
- 12. Non-Tariff BarriersGoal is not to prevent trade
- 13. ReasonsProtect domestic industriesProtect domestic employmentStrategic reasonsPolitical pressuresPrevent
- 14. Trade LiberalisationAims to free up world trade
- 15. Free trade frameworkGATT – General Agreement on
- 16. Potential benefitsPromotes international specialisation and increases
- 17. Trade Liberalisation
- 18. ReferencesBaier, Scott L. and Jeffrey H. Bergstrand,
- 19. Thank youkirhome1995@mail.ru
- 20. Скачать презентанцию
OutlineIntroduction: Warm-upProtectionism explanationNon-Tariff BarriersReasons for NTBTrade liberalisation explanationFree trade frameworkPotential benefitsReferencesQ&A
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 1Free trade and its benefits
Kirill Perekrestov
University of Toronto
kirhome1995@mail.ru
July 19, 2016
Toronto,
Canada
Слайд 2Outline
Introduction: Warm-up
Protectionism explanation
Non-Tariff Barriers
Reasons for NTB
Trade liberalisation explanation
Free trade framework
Potential
benefits
References
Q&A
Слайд 3Warm-up
Free trade is a policy which does not restrict imports
from, or exports to, other countries. (1976, Brooks)
Protectionism is the
economic policy of restraining trade between countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas (1976, Brooks)
Слайд 6Protectionism
Means by which trade between countries is restricted in some
way – normally through measures to reduce the number of
imports coming into a countryMain means are:
Tariffs
Quotas
Non-Tariff Barriers
Слайд 7Protectionism
Tariff: A tax on a good coming into a country
(1983, Price)
Quota: Physical restriction on the number of goods coming
into a country (1983, Price)
Слайд 8Impact of a Tariff on Steel
Price of Steel
(US $
per kg)
Quantity of Steel Bought and
Sold from Abroad
S
D
20
S +
TariffAmount of the tariff per unit
500
28
350
Слайд 9Impact of a Quota on Steel
Price of Steel
(US $
per Kg)
Quantity of Steel Bought and
Sold from Abroad
S
D
20
500
Pre-trade position
before a quota.Quota level
250
30
The quota restricts the supply to a set amount (250
in the example) which is likely
to result in a shortage of this good and
a subsequent rise in its price.
Слайд 11Non-Tariff Barriers
Any methods not covered by a tariff or quota,
most usually:
Rules
Regulations
Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs)
Legislation
Exacting Standards or Specifications
Слайд 12Non-Tariff Barriers
Goal is not to prevent trade but to make
the costs much higher
Examples include setting exacting standards on fuel
emissions from cars, the documentation required to be able to sell drugs in different countries, the ingredients
in products – some of which may be banned
in the destination country 
Слайд 13Reasons
Protect domestic industries
Protect domestic employment
Strategic reasons
Political pressures
Prevent ‘Dumping’ – selling
goods in the destination country below cost to break into
that market (1987, Mactavish)
Слайд 14Trade Liberalisation
Aims to free up world trade
and break down
the barriers
to international trade
Basic philosophy rests on the principle
of comparative advantage (produce sth at the lowest cost)Talks to achieve trade liberalisation have been ongoing for many years
Слайд 15Free trade framework
GATT – General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade
First
signed in 1947 – talks on-going since then!
Uruguay Round 1994
– set up the World Trade Organisation (WTO) as well as agreements covering a range of trade liberalisation measuresWTO provides the forum through which trade issues can be negotiated and works to help implement and police trade agreements
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CPOhDZSHLI
Слайд 16Potential benefits
Promotes international specialisation
and increases world output
Promotes efficient use
and allocation
of world resources
Allows developing countries access to the
heavily protected markets of the developed world thus helping promote developmentFacilitates the working of the international market system
Слайд 18References
Baier, Scott L. and Jeffrey H. Bergstrand, 2004, "Economic Determinants
of Free Trade Agreements," Journal of International Economics, 64(1), p.
29-63.Arkolakis, Costas, Arnaud Costinot and Andrés RodrÍguez-Clare, 2012, "New Trade Models, Same Old Gains?" American Economic Review 102(1), 2012: 94-130.
Broda, Christian and David E Weinstein, 2006, "Globalization and the Gains from Variety," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(2), p.541-85.
