INTRODUCTION TO PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY

Condition and Tendencies in the Educational System Development in Russia”

essence as a sociocultural phenomenon.
2. Tendencies of

education development in Russia.

which being a socially significant welfare is directed to the

interests of a human being, family, society and state. Education is also a sum total of acquired knowledge, skills and habits, valuable purposes, experience and competence in a certain field of knowledge. Education is aimed at the development of intellectual, spiritual, moral, creative, physical and (or) professional skills and habits of a student and satisfaction of his educational requirements and interests”.

(Federal Law of the Russian Federation from 29th December 2012. N 27- FL “About education in the Russian Federation”).

person which creates conditions for self-determination and socializing of a

person on the basis of sociocultural, spiritual and moral values while a student should be taught to observe and follow rules and norms of behavior accepted in society in the interests of human being, family, society and state. Upbringing is a specially organized activity of teachers and pupils in order to realize aims of education within the pedagogical process”

students’ activity in order to obtain knowledge, skills and habits,

acquiring activity experience, development of aptitude and mental facilities. Students should also be taught to use the acquired knowledge in everyday life and to continue studying within their lifetime. Tuition is a special method of education directed at the development of a personality by means of learning, scientific knowledge and means of activity”.
“Tuition is a reciprocal process between a teacher and a student, when pupils learn social experience and students’ qualities are being shaped”.

cultural character since it is a constituent part of culture.

It shows the level of society development at a certain historical epoch. It fulfills the functions of tuition, upbringing and development of a man, transmission (transition) of culture from generation to generation.

education:
Education as one of the optimum and intensive means of

adopting a person to the world of science and culture.
Education as means of socializing of people and continuity (succession) of generations.
Education as a mechanism of constructing of social and spiritual life of a human being and as a branch of mass spiritual production.
Education as a process of transmitting culturally-constructed patterns of human activity.
Education as a function of development of regional systems and national traditions.
Education as a social institution through which basic cultural values and aims of society development are rendered (passed) to younger generation.
Education as an active accelerator of cultural changes and innovations in social life and in a single individual.

who gradually learns the requirements of society, acquires socially significant

characteristics of mentality and behavior, which regulate his interrelation with society.

follows:
Recognition of education priorities.
Realization of the right of every

individual to education, inadmissibility of discrimination in the sphere of education.
Humanistic character of education, priority of life and health of an individual, rights of personal freedom, free development of an individual, training of mutual respect, love to labor, patriotism, responsibility, law-abidance, careful attitude to nature and environment, rational use of nature.
Unity of educational space on the territory of the Russian Federation, protection and development of ethno-cultural peculiarities and traditions of peoples of the Russian Federation in a multinational state.

integration of the educational system and its coordination with other

educational systems on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.
Secular character of education in state, municipal organizations.
Freedom of choice for receiving education according to aptitudes and requirements of an individual, creating conditions for self-realization of every man, unlimited development of his capabilities, including freedom of right in choosing the form of gaining education, forms of tuition, educational institution and orientation of tuition. The teaching staff has got freedom of forms and methods of tuition and upbringing.

according to requirements of every individual. The system of education

should be adopted according to the level of knowledge of an individual, peculiarities of his development, and also abilities and interests of an individual.
Autonomous character of educational institutions, academic rights and freedom of the teaching staff and students, which is included into the Federal Law, informational clarity and public records of educational institutions.
Democratic character of educational administration; teaching staff, students and parents of underage students should be guaranteed legitimate rights for participating in administration of educational institutions.
Free and unlimited competition should exist in the sphere of education.
State and contractual (agreed) regulations in the sphere of education should be combined.

of the new world community into a period of growing

social, economic, scientific, technological and cultural changes; the emerge of postindustrial civilization.
Vast and highly effective usage of information and scientific knowledge as a creative power of society, its strategic resources, factors of development, and also products and results of labour.
Higher responsibility of the educational system to the involvement of an individual to knowledge in the world of labour, shaping his attitude to the whole world.

individual to morality and general viewpoint. Consequently, the strategy of

education should be coordinated with the strategy of development of society as a whole, and coordinate it with the strategy of development of an individual.
It is necessary to determine the integrated direction of education due to the fact that Russian system of education enters the European educational space.
The final aim of educational activity is a competence of a man.

orientations:

Making education humane;
Making the content of education humanitarian;
Diversification;
Standardization;
Integration;
Fundamental character of

the content of education;
Continuity of education.

as follows (according to V.A. Mizherikhov):

The unity of successive professional

programs of high, higher and post-higher pedagogical education.
A net of interrelated educational institutions and organizations of high, higher and post-university pedagogical education.
Federal-regional administrative system of pedagogical education.

educational institutions preparing teachers of a certain subject, but also

realization of individual requirements of a man.

All these kinds of education insure a possibility

to realize the right of a person for education within all his life (long-life education)

of general education in the Russian Federation:
1) Pre-school education
2) Primary

(elementary) general education
3) Basic general education
4) Secondary general education

There are the following levels of professional education in the Russian Federation:
1) Secondary professional education
2) Higher education - baccalaureate
3) Higher education - specialitet, magistracy
4) Higher education – training a staff of higher qualification.

Extra education includes itself extra education of children and adults and extra professional education.

receive education in the Russian Federation in the state languages

of the Russian Federation and the choice of a language of education within possibilities of the educational system as well.

receive education in the Russian Federation:
1) In organizations, realizing educational

activity.
2) Outside organizations, realizing educational activity (in the forms of family education and self education).
Tuition can be organized directly at an educational organization, by correspondence and in mixed form.

into types in accordance with educational curriculums, which are the

main purpose of their activity. There are the following types of educational organizations, realizing the basic educational curriculums:
1) Preschool educational organization.
2) General educational organization.
3) Professional educational organization (secondary).

does not only teach, but must carry out scientific activity

as well.

There are also various types of educational organizations in the Russian Federation, realizing extra educational programs (curriculums).

государственные образовательные стандарты и федеральные государственные требования, образовательные стандарты, образовательные

программы различных вида, уровня и (или) направленности;
2) организации, осуществляющие образовательную деятельность, педагогических работников, обучающихся и родителей (законных представителей) несовершеннолетних обучающихся;
3) федеральные государственные органы и органы государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации, осуществляющие государственное управление в сфере образования, и органы местного самоуправления, осуществляющие управление в сфере образования, созданные ими консультативные, совещательные и иные органы;
4) организации, осуществляющие обеспечение образовательной деятельности, оценку качества образования;
5) объединения юридических лиц, работодателей и их объединений, общественные объединения, осуществляющие деятельность в сфере образования.