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LEXICAL MEANING AS A LINGUISTIC CATEGORY
Содержание
- 1. LEXICAL MEANING AS A LINGUISTIC CATEGORY
- 2. POINTS FOR DISCUSSIONWhat is meaning?Semantic structure of
- 3. “Meaning is the reverberation in the human
- 4. Meaning
- 5. Polysemy – the existence within one word
- 6. Context -the linguistic environment of a unit
- 7. contextMinimumEx:Blind monkBlind handwritingDull pupilDull bookDull weatherSecond-degreeEx:The man was large.But his wife was even fatter.
- 8. Semantic structure with the main (direct) meaning
- 9. Semantic structure with a common component holding
- 10. Diachronic and synchronic approaches towards meaning quick,
- 11. TYPES OF LEXICAL MEANINGNominativeNominative-derivativeLinguistically (colligationally and collocationally) boundPhraseologically bound
- 12. The processes of development and change of
- 13. Homonyms – words identical in sound form
- 14. Sources of homonymyPhonetic changes;Borrowing;Word-building: conversion shortening sound-imitationSplit polysemy
- 15. Split polysemy I – board, n –
- 16. Split polysemy I – board, n –
- 17. Professor’s A.I.Smirnitsky’s classification of homonymsFull lexical homonymsEx:
- 18. Скачать презентанцию
POINTS FOR DISCUSSIONWhat is meaning?Semantic structure of the word. Polysemy.Types of lexical meaning.The process of development and change of meaning.Homonymy.
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 2POINTS FOR DISCUSSION
What is meaning?
Semantic structure of the word. Polysemy.
Types
of lexical meaning.
Слайд 3“Meaning is the reverberation in the human consciousness of an
object of extralinguistic reality which becomes a fact of language
because of constant association with a definite linguistic expression.” Prof. Olga S. Akhmanova
Слайд 5Polysemy – the existence within one word of several connected
meanings as the result of development and changes of its
original meaning.
Слайд 6Context -
the linguistic environment of a unit of language which
reveals the conditions and the characteristic features of its usage
in speech;the semantically complete passage of written speech sufficient to establish the meaning of a given word
Слайд 7context
Minimum
Ex:
Blind monk
Blind handwriting
Dull pupil
Dull book
Dull weather
Second-degree
Ex:
The man was large.
But his
wife was even fatter.
Слайд 8Semantic structure with the main (direct) meaning holding it together
Bar,
n
I any kind of barrier
II profession
III counterof a lawyer for drinks
Слайд 9Semantic structure with a common component holding it together
Dull, adj.
A
dull book – not interesting
A dull student – not clever
implicationA dull day – not bright of
A dull knife – not sharp deficiency
Dull eyes – not seeing well
Слайд 10Diachronic and synchronic approaches towards meaning
quick, adj.
Diachronic:
Etymological
flexible
Archaic
alive (Ex: the quick and the dead)
Synchronic:
Main
fast
Secondary
…
Слайд 11TYPES OF LEXICAL MEANING
Nominative
Nominative-derivative
Linguistically (colligationally and collocationally) bound
Phraseologically bound
Слайд 12The processes of development and change of meaning
Transference based on
similarity (linguistic metaphor)
Transference based on contiguity (linguistic metonymy)
Generalization and specialization
of meaning“Degeneration” and “elevation” of meaning
Слайд 13Homonyms – words identical in sound form and spelling (or,
at least, in one of these aspects) but different in
their meaning
Слайд 14Sources of homonymy
Phonetic changes;
Borrowing;
Word-building:
conversion
shortening
sound-imitation
Split polysemy
Слайд 15Split polysemy I – board, n – piece of timber II –
board,n – daily meals for pay III – board, n –
an official group of peopleI
A piece of furniture
II III
Слайд 16Split polysemy I – board, n – piece of timber II –
board,n – daily meals for pay III – board, n –
an official group of people
I
II III
Слайд 17Professor’s A.I.Smirnitsky’s classification of homonyms
Full lexical homonyms
Ex: match, n –
match, n
Partial homonyms
Simple lexico-grammatical partial
Ex: to
found (Inf) – found (Past Ind.)Complex lexico-grammatical partial
Ex: rose, n – rose, v
maid, n – made, v
left, adj. – left, v
one, num. – won, v
Partial lexical
Ex: to lie, v – to lie, v
to can, v – can, modal v
