Слайд 1мараках марван якин ножи
Department of Dermatovenerology
Слайд 2Lection 2
Inflammation of the skin.
Primary and secondary lesions
Слайд 19Primary Morphological Lesion
There are no universally agreed upon definitions of
terms or, in particular, dimensions of primary lesions. The following
was offered by Watt and Jillson* as an "easy-to-remember" formula.
Macule - circumscribed area of skin, up to 1.0 cm, with a change from normal skin color, which is neither raised above nor depressed below the surrounding skin. Many use the term for lesions much greater than 1.0 cm. Term does not include purpura.
Patch - a flat, circumscribed, discoloration of skin or mucous membrane greater than 1.0 cm in diameter.
Papule - discrete solid area of skin that is elevated by palpation above the surrounding skin and less than 1 cm in diameter. Variations include accuminate, keratotic, flat-topped, follicular, umbilicated, pedunculated, necrotitic and others.
Plaque - similar to a papule but greater that 1.0 cm in diameter. Often formed by the confluence or coalescence of papules. Secondary features may include, among others, atrophy, lichenification or hyperkeratosis.
Слайд 23· Nodule - descrete, solid, palpable, round or oval (elipsoidal)
lesion of the skin measuring up to 1.0 cm in
diameter (or long axis). Applies to processes involving any or all levels of the skin, and is a general term for any mass, benign or malignant.
· Tumor - a term used by some for a "nodule" greater than 1.0 cm in diameter. Applies to processes involving any or all levels of the skin, and is a general term for any mass, benign or malignant.
Слайд 24· Vesicle - a circumscribed fluid-filled lesion less than 1.0
cm in diameter that is usually elevated above the surrounding
skin. May be described as solitary, grouped, umbilicated, dyshidrotic, spongiotic, multi-locular or uni-locular.
Слайд 25 Bulla - a circumscribed fluid-filled lesion greater than 1.0
cm in diameter that is usually elevated above the surrounding
skin. May attain diameters of several cms and are described as tense, or flacid.
Слайд 26Pustule - descrete elevated vesicle or bulla of skin, usually
small, containing purulent exudate composed of inflammatory leukocytes (pus), with
or without cellular debris. May be superficial, deep-seated, follicular, grouped, etc. and may arise secondarily from a vesicle.
Слайд 28Wheal - an evanescent, round or irregular, often flat-topped elevation
of skin with a pale red color, arising from edema
in the superficial dermis. May vary from 2-3 mm to 10 or more cm in diameter, with round or arcuate configurations. Should be distinguished from angioedema, a massive edema involving the entire dermis and subcutaneous tissues.
Слайд 29Secondary lesions are the result of the evolution of primary
morphological elements.
Слайд 30Scar
Scar - a hard plaque of dense fibrotic tissue covered
by a thin epidermis. A mark of injury from any
sort of process (physical or pathologic).
Слайд 31Atrophy
Atrophy - Atrophy usually refers to thinning of
the epidermis leaving an easily wrinkled and/or shiny surface. Atrophy
may also apply to dermal and/or subcutaneous tissue, with or without changes in the epidermis.
Epidermal atrophy
Dermal atrophy
Слайд 32Ulcer
Ulcer - loss of skin tissue or substance from the
surface downward, leaving an uncovered or denuded wound that is
slow to heal.
Слайд 33Erosion
Erosion - a superficial denudation of the skin, usually implying
the loss of the epidermis.
Слайд 34Fissure
Fissure - a vertical splitting or separation of the skin.
Слайд 35Crust
Crust - dried surface fluid, often serous (inspissated serum) in
nature, with or without tissue debris. For purposes of this
document this includes the term "scab".
Слайд 36Excoriation
Excoriation - a scratch mark, often with denudation of the
skin to form a small ulcer. Exposure of the corium
by mechanical removal of the epidermis.
Слайд 37Scale
Scale - a thin flake of epithelium (mostly composed of
corneoctyes) which is separated from the underlying intact skin proper.
Слайд 38Lichenification
Lichenification - a thickening of the skin surface and an
increase of skin markings, usually seen with chronic coalescence of
papular lesions, especially atopic eczema.
Слайд 39Vegetating
Vegetating - a lushly growing, proliferating, process, usually with elevated
or exophytic features
