Слайд 1Ministry education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan
Karaganda State University
named after academician Ye.A. Buketov
Biological and geographical faculty
Botany Department
Course – Botany
Specialty - 5В011300 – «Biology»
Lecture № 19
Division Polypodiophyta
(1 hour)
Lecturer: candidate of biological science, associated professor
Ishmuratova Margarita Yulaevna
Слайд 2Plan of lecture:
1 General characteristic of fern.
2 Circle of
development of ferns.
3 Systematic of ferns.
Слайд 3Main literatures:
1 Еленевский А.Г., Соловьев М.П., Тихомиров В.Н. Ботаника:
систематика высших, или наземных, растений. 2 изд. - М.: Academіa,
2001. - 429 с.
2 Нестерова С.Г. Лабораторный практикум по систематике растений. - Алматы: Қазақ ун-ті, 2011. - 220 с.
3 Родман А.С. Ботаника. – М.: Колос, 2001. - 328 с.
Additional literatures:
1 Абдрахманов О.А. Систематика низших растений. – Караганда: Изд-во КарГУ, 2009. - 188 с.
2 Билич Г.Л., Крыжановский В.А. Биология. Т. 2: Ботаника. - М.: Оникс 21 век, 2002. - 543 с.
3 Ишмуратова М.Ю. Систематика и интродукция растений (курс лекций). - Караганда: РИО Болашак-Баспа, 2015. - 100 с.
4 Тусупбекова Г.Т. Основы естествознания. Ч. 1. Ботаника. – Астана: Фолиант, 2013. – 321 с.
Слайд 4Pteridopsida (true ferns) have more than 10,000 species and make
up the majority of living monilophytes (all classes of Pteridophyta
except lycophytes). Their leaves are called fronds because of apical growth; young leaves are coiled into fiddleheads (Fig. 6.6). True ferns are megaphyllous: their leaves originated from flattened branches. True ferns have unique sporangia: leptosporangia.
Слайд 6Leptosporangia originate from a single cell in a leaf, they
have long, thin stalks, and the wall of one cell
layer; they also open actively: when sporangium ripens (dries), the row of cells with thickened walls (annulus) will shrink slower than surrounding cells and finally would break and release all spores at once. Leptosporangia are also grouped in clusters called sori which are often covered with umbrella- or pocket-like indusia. Gametophytes of Pteridopsida are minute and grow aboveground. Some genera of true ferns (like mosquito fern Azolla,water shamrock Marsilea and several others) are heterosporous.
Слайд 8True ferns are highly competitive even to angiosperms. Despite their
“primitive” life cycle,they have multiple advantages: abilities to photosynthesize in
deep shade (they are not obliged to grow fast), to survive high humidity, and to make billions of reproductive units (spores). Ferns do not need to spend their resources on flowers and fruits, and are also less vulnerable to vertebrate herbivores and insect pests, probably because they do not employ them as pollinators and,therefore,can poison tissues against all animals.
Слайд 11Division includes 7 classes:
Aneurophytopsida,
Archaeopteridopsida,
Cladoxylopsida,
Zygopteridopsida,
Ophioglossopsida,
Marattiopsida,
Polypodiopsida
Died forms
Livingforms
Слайд 12Ophioglossus (Ophioglossacea family)
Слайд 14Many species of ferns have practical value as decorative and
food plants. From ground parts of Dryopteris filix-mas is produced
extract with anti-gelmint activity.
Слайд 15Control questions:
1 Fine similar signs between ferns, mosses, lycopodium
and horsetails.
2 Why ferns have evolutionary domination before horsetails and
mosses?
3 Which role do play modern ferns for nature and human?
4 Which generation does dominate in life circle of ferns?
5 Why circle of development of ferns depend from drop water?
Слайд 16Test question:
Horsetails prefer soil:
A) Acid
B) Alkali
C) Neutral
D)
Acid and neutral
E) Alkali and neutral
F) Stone
G)
Salty
H) Alkali and salty
