MODAL VERBS

– cannot/can’t
Could not – couldn’t
May not – mayn’t
Might not –

mightn’t
Must not – mustn’t
Ought not – oughtn’t
Should not – shouldn’t

действие, а отражают отношение говорящего к действию. Дополняют действие основного

глагола.
Например глагол can(мочь, быть в состоянии) сам по себе не обозначает действия, как например, глагол to fly(летать), to jump(прыгать), to see(видеть). Но в сочетании с другим глаголом он обозначает то самое отношение к действию. Can fly(могу летать), can see(в состоянии видеть) и т.д.
Модальные глаголы выражают возможность, способность, вероятность, необходимость, долженствование.

вопрос «Что делать/ Что сделать?»
Не изменяются по лицам (не имеют

формы 3-го лица единственного числа) I should – мне следует, He can – Он может, She must – Она должна.
Не имеют прошедшего времени (кроме can – could, may - might) и аналитических форм (будущего времени(Future Tenses), продолженного вида(-ing), перфектных форм (Perfect Tenses)и форм страдательного залога(Passive Voice))
В случае необходимости, вместо отсутствующих форм используются эквиваленты модальных глаголов(to be able to, to be allowed to/to be permitted to, to be to, to have to)
Требуют после себя только форму Infinitive без частицы to (исключение ought to)
Вопросительную и отрицательную формы образуют без вспомогательных глаголов. I cannot work in such conditions. В вопросах модальный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: May I come in?

can speak English but he can’t write very well.
Can I

smoke here?

Anybody can make mistakes

Can she really be at home all this time?
She can’t be telling lies.

poem by heart when she was four?
2. When Mrs. Rover

was a teenager she couldn’t/can’t play the piano.
3. John says he could/can speak French perfectly well.
4. What can/could Melody do when she was nine?
5.Yesterday Molly couldn’t/can’t borrow a book from the local library because she hadn’t returned another one.
6. Rita said she couldn’t/can’t learn that because she was busy.

need to shout. I ______ hear you perfectly well.
2)

We______ go to safari because the trip was too expensive.
3) He eats in restaurants because he ______ cook.
4) I had an aisle seat on the plane, so I ______see the landscape below.
5) When we used to live in China, I______ speak some Chinese, but now I______ say a word.

six?
7) He______ speak English so fast that I______understand him

(now).
8) I’m afraid, Nickolas ______talk to you now.  He has to arrive at school in time.
9) I______get a good mark in Literature because I didn’t know the theme.
10) I______retell my friend the whole story because I had read it.

теоретическая) в утвердительных предложениях.
Предположение, основанное на неуверенности.
Упрек, неодобрение (только Might)
You

may borrow my car if you like.


The road may be blocked.



He may (might) be busy.


You might have phoned me

isn't feeling very well. Sally (not go) _________ to school

tomorrow.
2) It's my aunt's birthday, so we _________ (buy) her a new CD.
3) Paul doesn't study very much. He _________ (not pass) his exams.
4) Sarah and Tom _________ (not come) to the beach with us this weekend.
5) My sister is going to London for a week. I _________ (lend) her my new camera.
6) I’m really tired, so I_________ (not go) to the party tonight.
7) My cousin is starting at your school next term. You_________ (be) in the same class!
8) Jack's going away tomorrow, and we_________ (not see) him before he goes.

Салли на станции.
2) Вероятно, Алекс оставил вам вчера записку.
3) Она,

вероятно, забыла зонт дома и поэтому промокла.
4) Мелоди, возможно, поймет все, когда повзрослеет.
5) Может быть, дверь не заперта.

утвердительных предложениях)

Запрет (mustn’t)
You must be back by 10 o’clock.

Yesterday you had to be back by 10 o’clock.
There must be a mistake.
I must have seen it.


You mustn’t play with matches.

do your homework.
2) I_______brush my teeth.
3) Your shoes are dirty.

You _______clean them.
4) You _______drop litter in the streets.
5) I _______tidy my room.
6) You _______play on the road.

travel.
1) You _________ drink dirty water.
2) You_________ be careful when

you travel.
3) You _________ always wash fruit and vegetables.
4) You_________ play on the road.
5) You_________ throw litter.
6) You_________ listen to your parents.

нужно, нужно бы)

He should do exercises every morning (= I

advise him)

You should have called on your friend long ago.

He _______ put on some sun cream.
2) If Meredith’s got

a really bad cold, she ______ go to school.
3) We_______eat in the classroom.
4) If she's got a headache, she _______take an aspirin.
5) The weather's very hot. You_______ wear a coat.
6) They've found some money. They_______ take it to the police.

В отличие от Should, выражающего субъективное мнение, Ought to имеет

более объективный оттенок необходимости.

You ought to start at once.
They ought to be here by now.

we ______ have any political tendency while voting.
2) Megan _______

have considered all possibilities to make the right choice.
3) Your boss _________ pay you twice for your brilliant work.
4) A man _________ be magnanimous (великодушным).
5) Despite Megan loves him, she ______ sacrifice everything for him.
6) He ________ trouble you at all, he can do it by himself.