SIW Theme: “Physiology of properties and composition of bile”

M., student of 350 group
Checked by: Usenova O.A

bile
Bile functions
Regulation of bile
Biliary excretion
Pathology
Investigation of bile
Conclusion
References

liver and accumulated in the gall bladder fluid.

salts (10%), mucus and pigments (3%), fats (1%), inorganic salts (0.7%)

and cholesterol (0.3%).

than the blood. But if the blood was for the ancient bearer of the soul, the bearer of the

nature of the bile. It was believed that the abundance of light in the body of bile makes the person unstable, gusty. These people were called choleric. But an excess of dark bile supposedly causes depression, gloom, peculiar melancholic. Note: in this and in other word there is the syllable "cold", translated from the Greek  “chole ”means bile. It later emerged that the nature of light and dark bile is the same, and neither one nor the other to the nature of man has nothing to do (though still annoying people, called the caustic bile), but has a direct relation to digestion.

bile is in the form of conjugates (compounds) with glycine and taurine:glikoholic, glikohenodezoksiholic, taurocholic, and other so-called binary acids.
Bile contains a

significant amount of sodium and potassium ions, so that it has an alkaline reaction, and the bile acids and their conjugates are sometimes treated as "bile salts".

4%, bilirubin - 0.3%, mucus, organic anions (glutathione and plantsteroids), metals (copper, zinc, lead, indium, magnesium, mercury and others),

lipophilicxenobiotics

providing achange of gastric digestion in the intestines, removing the hazardous effect of pancreatic juice enzymes pepsin and creating

favorable conditions for these enzymes.

intestine, stimulates the production of mucus and gastrointensinalnyhhormones cholecystokinin and secretin, prevent bacterial adhesion and proteinaggregates. Bile is also involved in

the implementation of the excretory function. Cholesterol, bilirubinand other substances can not be filtered by the kidneys and their separation from the body is through the bile. Excreted in the feces 70% located in the bile cholesterol (30%reabsorbed by the intestines), bilirubin, and the above-mentioned metals, steroids, glutathione.

feeding choleresis adopted food. Reflex changes during stimulation of choleresis inner receptors digestive tract and other internal organs and reflex action. Parasympathetic cholinergic nerve

fibers (exposure) increase, and the sympatheticadrenergic - reduce choleresis.

and in the duodenum, the state of the sphincters of the extrahepatic biliary tract. They are

the following sphincters: the confluence of the cystic and common hepatic duct in the neck of the gallbladder and the terminal division of common bile duct and ampulla sphincter or Oddi. Muscle tone of the sphincters determines the direction of movement of bile.

muscle contractions of the ducts and gallbladder. These reductions are consistent with the tone of

the sphincter and are regulated by neural and humoral mechanisms

bile, during which outlines the contents of the duodenum and common bile duct. Duration 10

- 15 minutes.
Closed sphincter of Oddi. Duration 3 - 6 min.
 A portion of bile flow duration 3 - 5 minutes. During this time, released from 3 to 5 mllight brown bile. Begins with the opening of the sphincter of Oddi and ends with the opening of the sphincter Lyutkensa. During phases I and III bile released at a rate of 1 - 2ml / min.
 Allocation of gallbladder bile. Portia B. It starts with the opening of the sphincterLyutkensa and emptying of the gallbladder, which is accompanied by the appearance ofdark olive bile (portion B), and ends with the appearance of amber-yellow bile (portionC). Duration 20 - 30 minutes.
Allocation of hepatic bile. Portia C. Phase begins from the moment of discontinuation ofa dark olive-bile. Duration 10 - 20 minutes. Facts Serving Size 10 - 30 ml.

a pale straw color, density, 1007-1015, to be slightly alkaline.
 Cystic bile (phase IV, a portion of B) must be transparent, have

a dark olive color, density, 1016-1035, acidity - pH 6.5-7.5.
Hepatic bile (phase V, a portion of C) should be transparent, have a golden color, density, 1007-1011, acidity - pH 7,5-8,2.

in the gall bladder with no stones in it
Benign tumors
Malignant tumors of the
Tumors of the

gallbladder and bile ducts

by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small

intestine. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum. Bile is a composition of the following materials: water (85%), bile salts (10%), mucus and pigments (3%), fats (1%), inorganic salts (0.7%) and cholesterol (0.3%). It one of necessary substances in our body.