SPECIFIC ADAPTATION AND ITS MECHANISM

GROUP: 191B
TEACHERS NAME: ANNA ZHUKOVA

fitted to its environment; it is the result of natural selection’s acting

upon heritable variation over several generations. Organisms are adapted to their environments in a great variety of ways: in their structure, physiology, and genetics, in their locomotion or dispersal, in their means of defense and attack, in their reproduction and development, and in other respects.
Adaptation is a trait with current functional role in the life of an organism that is maintened and evolved by means of natural selection.

energies to deal with the stressor Structures may be destroyed

while dealing with the stressor (myosin heads during a muscular contraction) Magnitude and duration of the stressor.

of the most commonly referred to principles when creating training

programs. SAID stands for Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands and basically means that the changes, or adaptations, your body makes in response to training are specific to the stress, or stimulus, to which it is exposed.
In other words, the neural, structural and functional changes your body makes are directly related to the type of activity you partake in.

Let's take some simple examples. If you place mechanical stress

on the bones of the body by...
The Right Amount of Stress. Stress in the right amount simply means not too much and not too little. If there isn't...
Carryover of Training to Sport. The carryover issue is a little more complex. Remember that that the S in SAID stands...

Demands (SAID) Stages
Stress (stimulus) Exercise / Physical Activity
Exercise / Physical

Activity
Adaptation (response) Specific responsive biological adjustment to stress Muscle, bone, heart, lung, vasculature,...
Specific responsive biological adjustment to stress Muscle, bone, heart, lung, vasculature, tendons, ligaments, joint...
Muscle, bone, heart, lung, vasculature, tendons, ligaments, joint cartilage, etc.
If stress is too great, or sufficient recovery time not allowed adaptation...

strength. There is an increase in...
Cardiovascular Adaptations. Aerobic endurance training requires people to have

the proper progressions, variations,...
Respiratory Adaptations. Ventilatory adaptations are highly specific to activities involving the type of exercise used...
Neural Adaptations. There is increased efficiency and a delay in the fatigue of contractile mechanisms.

adjustment to stress
Muscle, bone, heart, lung, vasculature, tendons, ligaments, joint cartilage, etc.
If stress is

too great, or sufficient recovery time not allowed
adaptation may be inhibited
decrement in capacity of physiological systems
See overtraining
Accommodation
Adaptation response will begin to slow if the exact same stimulus is continued for a prolonged period of time.
Exhaustion
Adaptation is complete after limited time span
Continued stimulus no longer elicits adaptation
Other Examples (epidermis):
Sun: sunburn or increase melanin
Friction: blister / abrasion or callus

during training and the type of training program implemented (Fox

1975).
Training specifically for the movement pattern, speed, joint position, speed, and type of contraction produces improvement, specifically in those movement parameters (Kreighbaum 1996).
Specific sport or activity yields greatest improvements
Supplement activity or sports training with resistance, cardiovascular, plyometrics, flexibility exercises
Utilize progression and periodization techniques
Also see Adaptation Criteria.

Pathway
Also see Cross Training
Mechanics
Motor Pattern
Mechanical forces on joints, and bones utilized
Muscles involved
Tension curve
Range of motion

exercising
Recovery between bouts or work intervals
Number of reps
Number of exercises

and sets
Frequency
Recovery

exercise routines can occur if the main elements underlying different

skills or situations surrounding performance are identical and similar in nature.
Eg: Gymnastic training aimed at practicing complex exercise maneuvers complement (positively transfer) to the springboard diving.
As the degree of similarity between stimuli and responses decline, conflicting consequences may be experienced.
Transition from gymnastic to diving may not likely transfer because of the dissimilarity between diving and gymnastic somersaulting techniques.

positive correlation between the similarities between training and performance environments

and the level of training transfer.
For example, in a cross-cultural awareness training arranging role playing games where individuals have to interact with the representatives of various cultural backgrounds in typical working environments would have a positive contribution to the levels of training transfer.

the organiser player to carry out the adaptations on the

service orchestration in a systematic manner. The design needs to support both the operation-based and batch mode adaptations (scheduled/not scheduled), ensuring the consistency among the two modes. In addition, the adaptation engine needs to operate as a separate subsystem addressing the management concerns from other subsystems (i.e. the enactment engine and model provider factory (MPF)) that address the functional concerns. The main components of the architecture are the organiser role, the adaptation engine, the adaptation scripting engine, the adaptation script scheduler and the validation module.