State-legal development of the United States in XVIII-XIX

of independence”
“Articles of Confederation”
The US Constitution
The development of the

law

Content

there were 13 colonies which were divided into three groups:1)the

crown, which was under the control of Royal officials (Virginia, Georgia, etc.);
2) self-governing (Connecticut, Rhode island, Massachusetts
3) privately owned (Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, etc.).

The struggle of the American colonies for independence

a certain political autonomy. At the head of the colonies

were the governors, who were appointed by king or proprietors of the colonies, or were elected by the entire population. In all the colonies, existed representative bodies had the right to make laws, set taxes. The governors had the right to veto bills adopted by these bodies.

British government
The enforced placement of growing contingents of British

troops in the American colonies
England, impeding economic development of the colonies, took measures aimed at the cessation of their growth industry
the introduction of "stamp duty" - a new tax, which levied and shopping deals, and documents, and Newspapers , and ads

уряду, в результаті якої в Бостонській гавані був знищений вантаж

із 342 ящиків чаю, який належав Англійській Ост-Індській компанії. Ця подія, яка послугувала початком американській революції, є символічною в американській історії.

5 Sep 1774 the colonists convene The first continental Congress,

which ushering the creation the General Executive body for all the colonies, addressed to the king George IV with the request colonies greater rights. King gave the order to suppress speech colonies and sent troops.

the state of war with England, adopted the decision on

the establishment of the army. Each colony declared itself independent.

which actually began, assumed the functions of the Central government,

stated the state of war and decided to organize a joint army of the colonies. At the head of the army was George Washington (1732-1799).

States, the founding father of the United States, commander in

chief of the Continental army, the participant of war for independence of the North American States, Creator of the American presidency, General of the armies of the United States.

4, 1776. was adopted "the Declaration of independence," which declared

that colonial oppression is contrary to the natural rights of man to freedom, life and pursuit of happiness, and the rebels the colonies were free and independent States United in United States of America. The author of the Declaration was Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826).

The Declaration of independence

American revolution, the 3rd President of the United States, one

of the founders of this state, an outstanding politician, diplomat and philosopher. He was Chairman of the Committee writing the Declaration of independence. In the Declaration of independence, which at the request of Congress developed the 33-year-old Jefferson (the youngest of the deputies), he introduced the clause on the abolition of slavery. However, this item during the edition of a document, a special Commission struck out.

independence
Preamble:
due to the legitimacy of the revolution if the government

violates the fundamental rights of citizens
The main part:
a long list of "repeated harassment and usurpation" by the British government against the rights and freedoms of American colonists
mention the attempts of the colonists to attract the attention of the British authorities to set out issues
colonies are forced to discard their political connection with the British crown and become independent States

The Declaration of independence

the first constitutional document, the "Articles of Confederation and perpetual

Union," a draft of which was submitted for the approval of all States. Finally, this document comes into force March 1, 1781 Under the articles, the Confederation has decided questions of war and peace, diplomacy, the Western territories, monetary and public loans, while other issues were left for States.

and consist of the preamble, thirteen articles and the signature

list.
Main provisions: The Name Of The Confederation Is "The United States Of America.
Proclaimed the sovereignty of States and guaranteed their powers in the part in which they are not transferred to the Confederation.
Set the goal of creating a Confederation, the States agree to help each other.
The freedom of movement of citizens of the States of the Confederation and the duty of States to extradite criminals.

Structure

and the appointment of delegates to the Congress (delegates determine

the legislature States, one person may be a delegate for more than three out of every six years).
International relations are the exclusive competence of the Confederation, the States may not have their own armed forces (except militia) and the Navy without the authorization of Congress.
The procedure of awarding military ranks during the war (the rank below Colonel assigned to the legislature of the States).

fees which were set by legeslature ofStates and distributed to

States in proportion to the value of land in the States.
The powers of the Confederation: declare war, standardization of weights and measures (including cash handling), disputes between the States.
The Committee States, the authority of the acting government between sessions of Congress.
Establishes procedures for the acceptance of the new member (Canada (modern Quebec) is assumed by default, in other cases it requires the approval of nine States).Confirmation of the commitments made by the United States prior to the approval of the Articles of Confederation.
The procedure of changing of Articles - changes must be approved by all States.

identified a number of problematic issues, in particular: Congress was

more diplomatic institution
The General budget of the Union did not exist There was no mechanism for the implementation of the resolutions of the Congress
Given this j. Washington called the Articles of Confederation “rope of sand”

Consists of a preamble, 7 articles and 27 amendments
Written

in the first person and begins with the words "We the people of the United States...".
The authors considered. Franklin, A. Hamilton, D. Madison

The Constitution:
Republican form of government
Federalism
The distribution of power among the

three branches

each state
Candidates were presented with the following requirements:
25 years
to be

for 7 years a US citizen
- during the holding of elections to reside in the state from which elected

at first by the state legislatures, since 1913 by the

population of States
Each Senator had one vote
A Senator could be a person who was 30 years old, for 9 years was a U.S. citizen at the time of the election lived in the state from which elected
The President of the Senate was Vice-President

The Senate

is elected by a two-stage election for a term of

four years
The President appointed Ministers, and was commander of the armed forces, carried out representative functions, - appointed members of the Supreme court
The President could be a person aged 35 years who was a U.S. citizen and lived in the United States at least 14 years

Executive power

of the United States of America was the fact that

the legal system was formed at the level of the whole country and individual States. The long history of colonization is reflected in the formation of the sources of law. Even before independence, American lawyers widely used English law. The most important work during the formation of the new state was processing the English precedent so that Edina has developed a practice in all States

Careful consideration of the civil laws was exposed to the

civil codes of the States. Specific had a direct manifestation in the law of discrimination against the persons who were once slaves. Introduces the Institute of a legal entity, detailed regulation of their activities, especially the corporate (equity) forms. With their appearance a special legal regulation was required by the institution of ownership. With the development of capitalist production occurs associated corporate form of ownership. This required a legislative recognition that had not the Constitution . Required a Supreme court decision. His role was significant in the development of contract law. Distinguished law in written form and "transfer of contractual rights as property rights."

English common law. And each state they are treated differently.

Since the mid-nineteenth century. significantly expands the capacity of women, including in property relations. A special legal regime acquired the property at the time of opening the inheritance. It was under the protection of the court.