Atom – the smallest part of an element which is the bearer of its properties
Atom – the largest microparticle of a substance remaining during chemical transformations
Properties of atoms are not changed in chemical reactions
The atom is a complex particle. It consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons form the nucleus of the atom.
Electrons can exist at specific distances from the nucleus of an atom in fixed orbits
Look at the picture on the next slide
Chemical elements is different types of atoms
In nature, there are 88 species of atoms. These are elements that were found on the planet Earth
20 types of atoms are created in chemical laboratories
In the Periodic Table can be specified 118 or 126 elements
One type elements can contain different numbers of neutrons and therefore differ in their mass.
One kind of electrons but different mass are called isotopes
In the Periodic Table indicate the average mass of all possible isotopes of the elements
http:www.ciaaw.org/pubs/Periodic_Table_Isotopes.pdf.
The nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons. These particles are called nucleons
The electron takes around the nucleus, the region is like the ball – the electron cloud
Nucleons and electrons are called subatomic particles
Protons carry a positive charge (+1)
Neutrons are not charged
The number of protons and neutrons is not the same
The number of protons and neutrons coincide
The nuclear charge (Z) and the number of electrons matches the number of elements in the Periodic Table
The mass of the proton and neutron approaching to 1 (one)
The electron mass compared to the nucleons is very small (0,000549 a.e.m).
The mass of the atom is determined by the mass of its nucleons (mass number): A=Z+N
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