Слайд 1The History of Mobile Communication
Слайд 2The reasons for the slow development cellular technology
The first
mobile systems digital
wireless and cellular technology has
its origins in the
1940's, when it
started commercial use of mobile
telephony. By compared with the
furious pace of technology today, it
might seem strange that mobile
wireless has not developed further
in recent. There were many
reasons for this delay, but the most
important were technology,
cautiousness and federal
regulation.
Слайд 3The first mobile telephone call
Radiophones have a long
and
varied history going back to
Reginald Fessenden's invention
and shore-to-ship demonstration of
radio
telephony, through the
Second World War with military
use of radio telephony links and
civil services in the 1950s.
The first mobile telephone call
made from a car occurred in
St.Louis, Missouri, USA
on June 17,1946, using the Bell
System's Mobile Telephone
Service.
Слайд 4The first mobile phone
The equipment weighed 80 pounds
(36 kg),
and the AT&T service,
basically a massive party line, cost
US $30 per month (equal to
$337.33 today) plus 30–40 cents
per local call, equal to $3.37 to
$4.50 today.
Слайд 5The inventor of the first practical
mobile phone
Martin Cooper, a Motorola
researcher and executive is the
inventor of the
first practical
mobile phone for handheld use
in a non-vehicle setting.
He had a long race with Bell
Labs for the first portable mobile
phone. Using a modern, if
somewhat heavy portable
handset, Cooper made the first
call on a handheld mobile phone
on April 3,1973 to his rival,
Dr.Joel S. Engelof Bell Labs.
Слайд 6The first generation (1G) cellular
technology
The world's first
commercial
automated cellular network was
launched in Japan by NTT in
1979, initially
in the metropolitan
area of Tokyo. Within five years,
the NTT network had been
expanded to cover the whole
population of Japan and became
the first nationwide 1G network.
In 1981, this was followed by the
simultaneous launch of the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT)
system in Denmark, Finland,
Norway and Sweden.
Слайд 7The first generation (1G) cellular
technology
NMT was the
first mobile phone
Network featuring international roaming.
The first 1G network launched
in the
USA was hicago-based Ameritech in
1983 using he Motorola DynaTAC
mobile phone. Several countries then
followed in the early-to-mid 1980s
including the UK, Mexico and Canada.
Слайд 8
Second generation: Digital networks
In the 1990s, the
'second generation‘
(2G)
mobile phone
systems emerged,
primarily using the GSM
standard. These differed
from the previous
generation
by using digital instead of
analog transmission, and
also fast out-of-band phone
to-network signaling.
Слайд 9Second generation: Digital networks
The rise in mobile phone
usage
as a result of 2G was
explosive and this era also
saw
the advent of prepaid
mobile phones. Coinciding
with the introduction of 2G
systems was a trend away
from the larger "brick" phones
toward tiny 100–200g hand
held devices.
Слайд 10Third generation: High speed IP data networks and mobile broadband
Ten years later, in 2001, the third
generation (3G)
was launched in
Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the
WCDMA standard. This was followed
by 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G
enhancements based on the high-
speed packet access (HSPA) family,
allowing UMTS networks to have
higher data transfer speeds and
capacity.
Слайд 11Third generation
By the end of 2007 there were 295
million subscribers
on 3G
networks worldwide, which
reflected 9% of the total worldwide
subscriber base.
About two thirds
of these were on the WCDMA
standard and one third on the EV
DO standard. The 3G telecoms
services generated over 120
Billion dollars of revenues during
2007 and at many markets the
majority of new phones activated
were 3G phones. In Japan and
South Korea the market no longer
supplies phones of the second
generation.
Слайд 12The ability to access data networks
Although mobile phones
had
long had the ability to access
data networks such as the
Internet,
it was not until the
widespread availability of good
quality 3G coverage in the mid
2000s that specialized devices
appeared to access the mobile
internet.
Слайд 13Fourth generation: All-IP networks
By 2009, it had become clear that,
at some
point, 3G networks would be overwhelmed
by the growth of
bandwidth-intensive
applications like streaming media.
Consequently, the industry began looking to
data-optimized 4th-generation technologies,
with the promise of speed improvements up
to 10-fold over existing 3G technologies.
The first two commercially available
technologies billed as 4G were the WiMAXs
tandard (offered in the U.S. by Sprint) and
the LTE standard, first offered in
Scandinavia by TeliaSonera.
Слайд 14Satellite mobile
Earth-orbiting satellites can cover
remote areas out of reach
of
wired networks or where
construction of a cellular network
is uneconomic. The Inmarsat
satellite telephone system,
originally developed in 1979 for
safety of life at sea, is now also
useful for areas out of reach of
landline, conventional cellular, or
marine VHF radio stations.In1998
the Iridium satellite system was
set up, and although the initial
operating company went bankrupt
due to high initial expenses, the
service is available today.
