Typology of Idiomatic and Set Expressions

Содержание

1. Typology of Idiomatic and Set Expressions
2. The idiomatic and set expressions, i.e. lexically
3. Structurally, they may be 1) Sentence
4. 3) Metaphorically generalised proper names e.g.:
5. paradigmatic classes of idiomssubstantival (the Trojan horse,
6. idiomatic expressions exist in all languages either
7. 2. near equivalents, i.e. when having
8. 3. genuine and approximate idiomatic analogies (similar
9. National idioms are formed on the
10. International idioms Idioms borrowed from Greek,
11. International idioms are derived from the
12. Three challenges for translatorsIntegrity and naturalness of
13. The original rhythm-and-melody pattern of the idiom
14. Americans often draw on sayings for problem-solvingEvery
15. Americans often draw on sayings for health
16. Specifically American are sayings about successConfidence in
17. In British English - idioms about the
18. Specifically British – units with ”Dutch”Dutch concert
19. Comparison is made on different grounds:Good as
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The idiomatic and set expressions, i.e. lexically and often structurally stable units of lexicon present a universal phenomenon.

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Typology of Idiomatic and Set Expressions

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Слайд 1Typology of Idiomatic and Set Expressions

Слайд 2The idiomatic and set expressions, i.e. lexically and often structurally

stable units of lexicon present a universal phenomenon.

The idiomatic and set expressions, i.e. lexically and often structurally stable units of lexicon present a

Слайд 3Structurally, they may be

1) Sentence idioms (time and

tide
wait for no man, на козаку нема знаку);

2) Word-group idioms (Ten Commandments, to be or not to be, десять заповідей, бути чи не
бути);

Structurally, they may be 1) Sentence idioms (time and tide wait for no man, на

Слайд 4 3) Metaphorically generalised proper names e.g.: Tom Tailor (tailor),

Tom Thumb (a small man, a Liliputian), Mrs. Grundy, Tom,

Dick, and Harry (перший-ліпший), Nosy Parker (людина, що втручається/суне ніс не в свої справи). Similarly in Ukrainian: Макар Касян, i.e. (ненажера), Чалий (підступна, зрадлива людина); Герострат, Ксантипа (сварлива Сократова дружина), язиката Хвеська, etc.

3) Metaphorically generalised proper names e.g.: Tom Tailor (tailor), Tom Thumb (a small man, a Liliputian),

Слайд 5paradigmatic classes of idioms
substantival (the Trojan horse, the
sword of

Damocles; троянський кінь, дамоклів меч);
verbal (to have one's heart

in one's mouth, to take the bull by the horns; брати бика за роги, пекти раків);
adverbial (by and again, tit for tat; no
всіх усюдах, тут і там, скрізь і всюди).

paradigmatic classes of idiomssubstantival (the Trojan horse, the sword of Damocles; троянський кінь, дамоклів меч); verbal

Слайд 6idiomatic expressions exist in all languages either as
1. absolute equivalents

having all components the same and absolutely identical or slightly

different: the heel of
Achilles - ахіллесова п'ята, the Trojan horse - троянський кінь, the
tree of knowledge - дерево/древо пізнання;

idiomatic expressions exist in all languages either as1. absolute equivalents having all components the same and absolutely

Слайд 7 2. near equivalents, i.e. when having one or more

components missing or different, e.g.: to kiss the post -

поцілувати замок, as pale as paper блідий - як стіна, grass widow — солом'яна вдова, measure
twice, cut once - сім раз одміряй, а раз одріж;

2. near equivalents, i.e. when having one or more components missing or different, e.g.: to kiss

Слайд 83. genuine and approximate idiomatic analogies (similar meaning but different

componental structures). Cf. a fly in the ointment, make

haste slowly; ложка дьогтю в бочці меду, тихіше їдеш — далі будеш.

3. genuine and approximate idiomatic analogies (similar meaning but different componental structures). Cf. a fly in

Слайд 9National idioms
are formed on the basis of the

component
parts/ images characteristic of a definite national community

and its language. Thus, only in English exist such idioms as to dine with
Duke Humphry, to cut off with a shilling, or to accept the Chilter Hundreds, and only in Ukrainian such idioms as передати куті меду, впіймати облизня, пекти раків, утерти носа.

National idioms are formed on the basis of the component parts/ images characteristic of a

Слайд 10International idioms
Idioms borrowed from Greek, Hebrew and Latin

(cf. Pandora's box, Herculean pillars, Gordian knot, between Scylla and

Charybdis, to cross the Rubicon; I came, I saw, I conquered; the Ten Commandments, wise Solomon, to be in (the) seventh heaven, etc.

International idioms Idioms borrowed from Greek, Hebrew and Latin (cf. Pandora's box, Herculean pillars, Gordian knot,

Слайд 11International idioms
are derived from the Bible, antique literature,

common historic heritage of the nations, similar metaphorical images:

an apple of discord – яблоко розбрату; a new broom sweeps clean - нова мітла чисто мете; etc.

International idioms are derived from the Bible, antique literature, common historic heritage of the nations, similar

Слайд 12Three challenges for translators
Integrity and naturalness of the image that

stands in the center of a phraseological unit – a

word-to-word translation destroys stereotypical images known to speakers of the target language;
Gender connotations that differ between the languages, e.g. Charity is the father of sacrifice/ Благодійність – мати пожертви; Caution is the parent of safety / Обережність – супутниця безпеки

Three challenges for translatorsIntegrity and naturalness of the image that stands in the center of a phraseological

Слайд 13The original rhythm-and-melody pattern of the idiom and its stylistic

qualities, compare:
Much gold, much care / Хто

не має, той не губить;
Omittance is no quittance/ Що винен – віддати повинен

The original rhythm-and-melody pattern of the idiom and its stylistic qualities, compare: Much gold, much care

Слайд 14Americans often draw on sayings for problem-solving
Every cloud has a

silver lining.
God helps those that help themselves.
Necessity is the mother

of invention.
You can’t have a cake and eat it too.

Americans often draw on sayings for problem-solvingEvery cloud has a silver lining.God helps those that help themselves.Necessity

Слайд 15Americans often draw on sayings for health care
The best doctors

are Dr. Diet, Dr. Quiet, and Dr. Merryman.
Change of scenery

makes for health.
God restores health, and the physician gets thanks.
After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a while.
Etc.

Americans often draw on sayings for health careThe best doctors are Dr. Diet, Dr. Quiet, and Dr.

Слайд 16Specifically American are sayings about success
Confidence in success is almost

success.
Great success is preceded by great preparation.
Meet success like

a gentleman and disaster like a man.
No story of success ever starts with if and but.
Etc.

Specifically American are sayings about successConfidence in success is almost success. Great success is preceded by great

Слайд 17In British English - idioms about the sea, the weather

Rainy day = black day;
Between the devil and the deep

blue sea – бути у важкому становищі;
Be in deep water – горевати;
Be in low water – бути без грошей;
The best fish are near the bottom – все гарне важко дається.