Life of William Shakespeare

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baptized April 26, the exact date of birth is unknown.

According to the legends of his birth by 23 April: This date coincides with the exact day of his death known. The name "Shakespeare" may be translated from English as "terrific spear. « His father, John Shakespeare (1530 - 1601), was a wealthy tradesman (Glover), often elected to various public offices. He did not attend church services, for which he paid large fines (perhaps it was a secret Catholic). Shakespeare's mother, née Mary Arden (1537 - 1608), belonged to one of the oldest Saxon families.

The only known image of the fair - engraving of posthumous "First Folio" (1623) by painter of Dutch origin Droskhouta

where he received a serious education: Stratford teacher of Latin

language and literature, wrote poetry in Latin. Some scholars argue that Shakespeare attended King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon, where he studied the work of poets such as Ovid and Plautus, but the school magazines have not survived, and now nothing can be said for sure. In 1582, at the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, the daughter of a local landowner, the former is 8 years older than he and already pregnant at the time of marriage, and in 1583 they had a daughter, Susan, was baptized on May 23, in 1585 - twins: Hemnet son, who died at age 11 (August 1596), and daughter Judith, baptized on February 2. On further (for seven years), the events of his life, there are only guesses.

Droict - Fr. "Not without right"

theatrical works, but the first extant sources belong to 1592. Biographers

believe that Shakespeare's career could come at any time since the middle of 1580th. From 1594 Shakespeare's plays were staged only troupe "The servants of Lord Chamberlain," which included Shakespeare. Company soon became the leading theater group in London. After the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, the troupe has received a royal patent by the new ruler, James I, and became known as the "Servants of the King". In 1599, the partnership members of the company has built on the south bank of the Thames a new theater, called the Globe. In 1608, they also acquired the indoor theater in Blekfeyrse. Reports on real estate purchases by Shakespeare and his investments show that the company made ​​him a wealthy man. In 1597, he bought the second-largest house in Straforde - New Place.  

second largest house in Stratford. In 1605th he bought the

right to receive tithes from the nearest land to the city. In 1612, Shakespeare for unknown reasons left the theater and returned to his home in Stratford, where they lived with his wife and daughter. All surviving Shakespeare signatures on documents (1612-1613) have a very poor handwriting, based on which some researchers believe that it was at the time seriously ill. [20] April 23, 1616 [21] Shakespeare died. Traditionally, it is assumed that he died on his birthday, but the belief that Shakespeare was born on April 23, no.

Shakespeare's autograph on his will

St. Trinity. Written on his tombstone epitaph: Good friend for Jesus

sake forbear, To dig the dust enclosed here. Blest be the man that spares thes stones, And curst be he that moves my bones. Друг, ради Господа, не рой Останков, взятых сей землёй; Нетронувший блажен в веках, И проклят — тронувший мой прах. (Перевод А. Величанского)

next to which are two epitaphs - in Latin and

English. Latin epitaph compares Shakespeare pilosskim wise King Nestor, Socrates, and Virgil. Shakespeare has survived a widow, Anne (d. 1623), and two daughters. The last direct descendant of Shakespeare was his granddaughter Elizabeth Barnard (1608-1670), the daughter of Susan Shakespeare and Dr. John Hall. Three sons Judith Shakespeare (in marriage Quinn) died young, leaving no offspring.

The bust of Shakespeare in the church. Trinity Church in Stratford

Shakespeare, next to which are two epitaphs - in Latin

and English. Latin epitaph compares Shakespeare pilosskim wise King Nestor, Socrates, and Virgil. Shakespeare has survived a widow, Anne (d. 1623), and two daughters. The last direct descendant of Shakespeare was his granddaughter Elizabeth Barnard (1608-1670), the daughter of Susan Shakespeare and Dr. John Hall. Three sons Judith Shakespeare (in marriage Quinn) died young, leaving no offspring.

the most famous of his tragedies - "Romeo and Juliet"

- the story of human development in the struggle with external circumstances for the right to love. He stressed lyricism and dramatic action, reinterpreted and enriched the characters, created poetic monologues that reveal the inner feelings of the main characters thus transforming an ordinary product into a Renaissance poem about love. This special type of tragedy, lyrical, optimistic, despite the death of the main characters in the final. Their names have become synonymous designation highest poetry of passion. Around the year 1596 dates back to one of the most famous works of Shakespeare - "The Merchant of Venice." The play contrasts the power of money over a man and the cult of friendship - an integral part of life harmony.

type that has not been unique in world literature -

Sir John Falstaff.

Romeo and Juliet. Painting F. Dixie (1884)

Falstaff with a big jug of wine and a cup. Painting E. von Gryutsnera (1896)

years 1600-1609, is called the period of "deep spiritual darkness,"

. Around 1600 Shakespeare creates a "Hamlet" is considered by many critics - the deepest in his work. By definition, LE Pinsky, Hamlet - the first "reflective" the hero of world literature.

mixed good and evil. Faced with the disharmony of the

world, they make hard choices - how to exist in it, they make their own destiny, and are fully responsible for it. At the same time, Shakespeare creates drama "Measure for Measure." Its name refers to the exhortation of Christ's mercy. This is a problematic product does not fit into a certain genre, but there is on the verge of genres, ascending to morality it is directed toward tragicomedy.

only three or four years and four plays - the

so-called "romantic drama" or tragicomedy. "Pericles" marks the emergence of new works. "Winter's Tale" - a strange fantasy story "about the incredible, where all likely."

Prospero and Ariel. Picture of William Hamilton (1797)

Shakespeare was already known as a playwright, but the author

himself calls it his literary first-born, and therefore it is likely that she or conceived, written, or sometimes even more in Stratford. There is also speculation that Shakespeare, believed the poem (as opposed to public theater plays) genre worthy of attention noble patron and work of high art. Before us is a passion, a real mad, darkened mind and poetic because the law, as all that is bright and strong. Much campy second poem - "Lucretia," published in the next (1594), and devoted, like the first, Earl of Southampton.

been written by Shakespeare sonnets, and most of them were

established in the years 1592-1599. They were first published without the author's knowledge in 1609. Two of them were printed back in 1599 in the book "Passionate Pilgrim." It's Sonnets 138 and 144.

The first edition of "Sonnets" (1609)

with sweets war not, joy delights in joy. Why lovest thou

that which thou receivest not gladly, Or else receivest with pleasure thine annoy?   If the true concord of well-tuned sounds, By unions married, do offend thine ear, They do but sweetly chide thee, who confounds In singleness the parts that thou shouldst bear.   Mark how one string, sweet husband to another, Strikes each in each by mutual ordering, Resembling sire and child and happy mother Who all in one, one pleasing note do sing:   Whose speechless song, being many, seeming one, Sings this to thee: 'thou single wilt prove none.'  

непонятною тоской. Зачем же любишь то, что так печально, Встречаешь муку радостью

такой?   Где тайная причина этой муки? Не потому ли грустью ты объят, Что стройно согласованные звуки Упреком одиночеству звучат?   Прислушайся, как дружественно струны Вступают в строй и голос подают, - Как будто мать, отец и отрок юный В счастливом единении поют.   Нам говорит согласье струн в концерте, Что одинокий путь подобен смерти.

И зачем Ты с радостью встречаешь, что не мило, А радостному ты

не рад совсем?   Не потому ли стройных звуков хоры Аккордами твой оскорбляют слух, Что кротко шлют они тебе укоры За то, что ты один по╠шь за двух.   Заметь, как дружно, радостно и звонко Согласных струн звучит счастливый строй, Напоминая мать, отца, ребенка, В единой ноте сливших голос свой.   Тебе поет гармонии поток: "Уйдешь в ничто, коль будешь одинок".