Past Perfect Tense. English Grammar

Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
You

had not studied English before you moved to New York.

9 a.m. yesterday – вчера к 9 утра
before he came

– до того, как он пришёл
by that time – к тому времени
after - после того, как
by the end of the year – к концу года, etc.

определенного момента или другого действия в прошлом.
They had finished the

work by 6 o'clock yesterday. — Они закончили работу вчера к 6 часам.
Mary had got asleep before her mother came home.— Мэри уснула прежде, чем её мама пришла домой.
Past Perfect образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола had и III формы основного глагола.

действия, которые следовали друг за другом, употребляется Past Simple.
Сравните: She did

some shopping, came home and cooked dinner. — Она сделала покупки, пришла домой и приготовила ужин.
Before she cooked dinner, she had done some shopping. — Прежде чем она приготовила ужин, она сделала покупки.

the film.

(?)Had he read the book before he saw the

film?

(-) He hadn’t read the book, before he saw the film.

arrived to the airport.

When the accident ……. (happen) that lorry was driving like

a lunatic. I …… (never see) a lorry travelling so fast!

2. We …… (miss) the beginning of the play because it ….. (already start) when we arrived.

3. I …… (not recognise) my old teacher because we.....(not see) each other for 15 years.

4. When I ……(arrive) at her house I found she ……. (go out) so nobody was there.

5. My brother ……. (eat) all the cake before we …….. (get) home.

6. I ……. (understand) the film because I ……. (read) the book before.

7. Before she …… (buy) the flat she …… (look around) it several times.

8. I …… (not have) my book because I……. (lose) it the day before.

9. I ……. (study) English for two years before I …… (move) to N.Y.

10. She ……. (never see) a bear before she …... (move) to Alaska.

lunatic. I had never seen a lorry travelling so fast!

2.

We missed the beginning of the play because it had already started when we arrived.

3. I didn’t recognise my old teacher because we had not seen each other for 15 years.

4. When I arrived at her house I found she had gone out so nobody was there.

5. My brother had eaten all the cake before we got home.

6. I understood the film because I had read the book before.

7. Before she bought the flat she had looked around it several times.

8. I did not have my book because I had lost it the day before.

9. I had studied English for two years before I moved to N.Y.

10. She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska.