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19_Bacillus

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~ 60 species; Gram-positive or Gram-variable bacilliLarge (0.5 x 1.2 to 2.5 x 10 um)Most are saprophytic contaminants or normal floraBacillus anthracis is most important memberProduce endospores Aerobic or facultatively anaerobicCatalase

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1

Слайд 3~ 60 species; Gram-positive or Gram-variable bacilli
Large (0.5 x 1.2

to 2.5 x 10 um)
Most are saprophytic contaminants or normal

flora
Bacillus anthracis is most important member
Produce endospores
Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic
Catalase positive (most)
Rapidly differentiates from Clostridium
Bacillus spp. are ubiquitous
Soil, water, and airborne dust
Thermophilic (< 75°C) and psychrophilic (>5-8°C)
Can flourish at extremes of acidity & alkalinity (pH 2 to 10)

General Characteristics of Bacillus

~ 60 species; Gram-positive or Gram-variable bacilliLarge (0.5 x 1.2 to 2.5 x 10 um)Most are saprophytic

Слайд 4Diseases Associated with Bacillus

Diseases Associated with Bacillus

Слайд 5 On blood agar
Large, spreading, gray-white colonies, with irregular margins
Many

are beta-hemolytic (helpful in differentiating various Bacillus species from B.

anthracis)
Spores seen after several days of incubation, but not
typically in fresh clinical specimens

Laboratory Characteristics of Bacillus

On blood agarLarge, spreading, gray-white colonies, with irregular marginsMany are beta-hemolytic (helpful in differentiating various Bacillus

Слайд 7Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis

Слайд 8Summary of B. anthracis Infections

Summary of B. anthracis Infections

Слайд 9Summary of B. anthracis Infections (cont.)

Summary of B. anthracis Infections (cont.)

Слайд 10Epidemiology of Bacillus anthracis
Rare in the US (1974-1990, 17 cases

reported by CDC)
Enzootic in certain foreign countries (e.g., Turkey, Iran,

Pakistan,and Sudan)
Anthrax spores infectious for decades
Biologic warfare experiments (annual tests for 20 years)
Gruinard, off western coast of Scotland
4 x 10e14 fully virulent spores exploded
Eliminated in 1987 (formaldehyde & seawater)

Three well-defined cycles
Survival of spores in the soil
Animal infection
Infection in humans

Epidemiology of Bacillus anthracisRare in the US (1974-1990, 17 cases reported by CDC)Enzootic in certain foreign countries

Слайд 11Epidemiology of Bacillus anthracis (cont.)
Primarily a disease of herbivorous animals
Most

commonly transmitted to humans by direct contact with animal products

(e.g., wool and hair)
Also acquired via inhalation & ingestion
Increased mortality with these portals of entry
Still poses a threat
Importing materials contaminated with spores from these countries (e.g., bones, hides, and other materials)
Usually encountered as an occupational disease
Veterinarians, agricultural workers
Epidemiology of Bacillus anthracis (cont.)Primarily a disease of herbivorous animalsMost commonly transmitted to humans by direct contact

Слайд 12Epidemiology of Anthrax in Animal and Human Hosts

Epidemiology of Anthrax in Animal and Human Hosts

Слайд 13Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Cutaneous Anthrax
95% human cases are cutaneous

infections
1 to 5 days after contact
Small, pruritic, non-painful papule at

inoculation site
Papule develops into hemorrhagic vesicle & ruptures
Slow-healing painless ulcer covered with black eschar surrounded by edema
Infection may spread to lymphatics w/ local adenopathy
Septicemia may develop
20% mortality in untreated cutaneous anthrax
Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Cutaneous Anthrax95% human cases are cutaneous infections1 to 5 days after contactSmall, pruritic,

Слайд 14Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Inhalation Anthrax
Virtually 100% fatal (pneumonic)
Meningitis may

complicate cutaneous and inhalation forms of disease
Pharyngeal anthrax
Fever
Pharyngitis
Nneck swelling

Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Inhalation AnthraxVirtually 100% fatal (pneumonic)Meningitis may complicate cutaneous and inhalation forms of diseasePharyngeal

Слайд 15Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Gastrointestinal (Ingestion) Anthrax
Virtually 100% fatal
Abdominal

pain
Hemorrhagic ascites
Paracentesis fluid may reveal gram-positive rods

Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Gastrointestinal (Ingestion) AnthraxVirtually 100% fatal Abdominal painHemorrhagic ascitesParacentesis fluid may reveal gram-positive rods

Слайд 16Treatment & Prophylaxis
Treatment
Penicillin is drug of choice
Erythromycin, chloramphenicol acceptable alternatives
Doxycycline

now commonly recognized as prophylactic

Vaccine (controversial)
Laboratory workers
Employees of mills handling

goat hair
Active duty military members
Potentially entire populace of U.S. for herd immunity
Treatment & ProphylaxisTreatmentPenicillin is drug of choiceErythromycin, chloramphenicol acceptable alternativesDoxycycline now commonly recognized as prophylacticVaccine (controversial)Laboratory workersEmployees

Слайд 17Characteristic Bacillus anthracis Other Bacillus spp.
Hemolysis

Neg Pos
Motility

Neg Pos (usually)
Gelatin hydrolysis Neg Pos
Salicin fermentation Neg Pos
Growth on PEA
blood agar Neg Pos

Key Characteristics to Distinguish between B. anthracis & Other Species of Bacillus

Characteristic Bacillus anthracis Other Bacillus spp.Hemolysis Neg

Слайд 19Bacillus cereus

Bacillus cereus

Слайд 20Summary of B. cereus Infections

Summary of B. cereus Infections

Слайд 21Summary of B. cereus Infections (cont.)

Summary of B. cereus Infections (cont.)

Слайд 22Gram-Variable Stain of B. cereus with Endospores

Gram-Variable Stain of B. cereus with Endospores

Слайд 23Foodborne Diseases of B. cereus
(Intoxication)
(Foodborne Infection)

Foodborne Diseases of B. cereus (Intoxication)(Foodborne Infection)

Слайд 24 Bacillus thurigensis
BT corn; Other GMO’s (genetically modified organisms)

Bacillus stearothermophilus
Spores used to test efficiency of killing in

autoclaves

Other Bacillus spp.

Bacillus thurigensis BT corn; Other GMO’s (genetically modified organisms) Bacillus stearothermophilus Spores used to test efficiency

Слайд 26REVIEW
Bacillus

REVIEWBacillus

Слайд 27~ 60 species; Gram-positive or Gram-variable bacilli
Large (0.5 x 1.2

to 2.5 x 10 um)
Most are saprophytic contaminants or normal

flora
Bacillus anthracis is most important member
Produce endospores
Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic
Catalase positive (most)
Rapidly differentiates from Clostridium
Bacillus spp. are ubiquitous
Soil, water, and airborne dust
Thermophilic (< 75°C) and psychrophilic (>5-8°C)
Can flourish at extremes of acidity & alkalinity (pH 2 to 10)

General Characteristics of Bacillus

REVIEW

~ 60 species; Gram-positive or Gram-variable bacilliLarge (0.5 x 1.2 to 2.5 x 10 um)Most are saprophytic

Слайд 28Diseases Associated with Bacillus
REVIEW

Diseases Associated with BacillusREVIEW

Слайд 29Review of Bacillus

anthracis
REVIEW

Review of Bacillus anthracisREVIEW

Слайд 30Bacillus anthracis
REVIEW

Bacillus anthracisREVIEW

Слайд 31Summary of B. anthracis Infections
REVIEW

Summary of B. anthracis InfectionsREVIEW

Слайд 32Summary of B. anthracis Infections (cont.)
REVIEW

Summary of B. anthracis Infections (cont.)REVIEW

Слайд 33Epidemiology of Anthrax in Animal and Human Hosts
REVIEW

Epidemiology of Anthrax in Animal and Human HostsREVIEW

Слайд 34Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Cutaneous Anthrax
95% human cases are cutaneous

infections
1 to 5 days after contact
Small, pruritic, non-painful papule at

inoculation site
Papule develops into hemorrhagic vesicle & ruptures
Slow-healing painless ulcer covered with black eschar surrounded by edema
Infection may spread to lymphatics w/ local adenopathy
Septicemia may develop
20% mortality in untreated cutaneous anthrax

REVIEW

Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Cutaneous Anthrax95% human cases are cutaneous infections1 to 5 days after contactSmall, pruritic,

Слайд 35Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Inhalation Anthrax
Virtually 100% fatal (pneumonic)
Meningitis may

complicate cutaneous and inhalation forms of disease
Pharyngeal anthrax
Fever
Pharyngitis
Nneck swelling
REVIEW

Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Inhalation AnthraxVirtually 100% fatal (pneumonic)Meningitis may complicate cutaneous and inhalation forms of diseasePharyngeal

Слайд 36Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Gastrointestinal (Ingestion) Anthrax
Virtually 100% fatal
Abdominal

pain
Hemorrhagic ascites
Paracentesis fluid may reveal gram-positive rods
REVIEW

Clinical Presentation of Anthrax Gastrointestinal (Ingestion) AnthraxVirtually 100% fatal Abdominal painHemorrhagic ascitesParacentesis fluid may reveal gram-positive rodsREVIEW

Слайд 37Treatment & Prophylaxis
Treatment
Penicillin is drug of choice
Erythromycin, chloramphenicol acceptable alternatives
Doxycycline

now commonly recognized as prophylactic

Vaccine (controversial)
Laboratory workers
Employees of mills handling

goat hair
Active duty military members
Potentially entire populace of U.S. for herd immunity

REVIEW

Treatment & ProphylaxisTreatmentPenicillin is drug of choiceErythromycin, chloramphenicol acceptable alternativesDoxycycline now commonly recognized as prophylacticVaccine (controversial)Laboratory workersEmployees

Слайд 38Review of Bacillus

cereus
REVIEW

Review of Bacillus cereusREVIEW

Слайд 39Summary of B. cereus Infections
REVIEW

Summary of B. cereus InfectionsREVIEW

Слайд 40Summary of B. cereus Infections (cont.)
REVIEW

Summary of B. cereus Infections (cont.)REVIEW

Слайд 41Foodborne Diseases of B. cereus
(Intoxication)
(Foodborne Infection)
REVIEW

Foodborne Diseases of B. cereus (Intoxication)(Foodborne Infection)REVIEW

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