20.5.11 INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS

from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real

advance".

"Imagination is more important than knowledge".


Albert Einstein

new composition, device, or process. Some inventions are based on

pre-existing models or ideas and others are radical breakthroughs. Inventions can extend the boundaries of human knowledge or experience.

French inventor, most noted as one of the inventors of

photography and a pioneer in the field. He is well-known for taking some of the earliest photographs, dating to the 1820s. As revolutionary as his invention was, Niépce is little known even today.

eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with

inventing the first practical telephone. His research on hearing and speech led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.

engine designer and automobile engineer, generally regarded as the inventor

of the petrol-powered automobile and pioneering founder of the automobile manufacturer, Mercedes-Benz.

Louis Jean (1864– 1948)
The Lumière brothers were among the earliest

filmmakers. Louis had made some improvements to the still-photograph process, the most notable being the dry-plate process, which was a major step towards moving images. The cinematograph itself was patented on 13 February 1895 and the first footage ever to be recorded using it was recorded on 19 March 1895.

– 1912)
The Wright brothers were two Americans who are

generally credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903. In two years afterward, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. The Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing flight possible.

the inventor of the modern ballpoint pen.
He presented the first

production of the ball pen at the Budapest International Fair in 1931. Working with his brother George, a chemist, he developed a new tip consisting of a ball that was free to turn in a socket, and as it turned it would pick up ink from a cartridge and then roll to deposit it on the paper. Bíró patented the invention in Paris in 1938.

a janitor in Canton, Ohio invented an electric vacuum cleaner

from a fan, a box, and a pillowcase.

was a British engineer and inventor of the world's first

working television system, also the world's first fully electronic colour television broadcast. Although Baird's electromechanical system was eventually displaced by purely electronic systems his early successes demonstrating working television broadcasts and his colour and cinema television work earn him a prominent place in television's invention.

inventor, and humanitarian, is considered the father of refrigeration and

air conditioning.

Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass

production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. patents.

Henry Ford was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. patents.

in company Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing which concerned with the

production of the sandpaper, exploratory activity in the field of watertight surfaces and experimented with cellophane. And 27 May 1930 Richard Drew patented his invention - transparent getting sticky tape.

Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. His best-known achievements are the discovery

of the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

Soviet rocket engineer and designer during the Space Race between

the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. He is considered by many as the father of practical astronautics.

entrepreneur, cofounder of Sony Corp. In 1949, the company developed

magnetic recording tape and in 1950, sold the first tape recorder in Japan. In 1957, it produced a pocket-sized radio.

"Bill" Gates III is an American business magnate, philanthropist, and

chairman of Microsoft, the software company. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution.

an English embryologist and is currently Director of the MRC

Centre for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He is best known as the leader of the research group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal from an adult somatic cell, a Finnish Dorset lamb named Dolly.