в мире
Критерии выдающейся универсальной ценности на примере объектов Всемирного наследия
РоссииНоминации объектов Татарстана
Cultural criteria
Критерии ЮНЕСКО
Criterion (ii):
Критерии ЮНЕСКО
"exhibits an important interchange of human values, over a span of time, or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning, or landscape design"
«Отражать важность взаимосвязи человеческих ценностей, существующих в течение определенного периода времени или в пределах определенной культурной области, и развития архитектуры или технологии, монументального искусства, градостроительства или ландшафтного планирования»;
Критерии ЮНЕСКО
Criterion (iii):
"is an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural, or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates a significant stage in human history"
Критерии ЮНЕСКО
Criterion (v):
«is an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture, or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change"
"is directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance"
Критерии ЮНЕСКО
Criterion (vi):
«включать уникальные природные явления или территории исключительной природной красоты и эстетического значения»;
Критерии ЮНЕСКО
Criterion (viii):
«представлять собой выдающиеся примеры отражения основных этапов истории Земли, включая следы древней жизни, значимые геологические процессы, которые продолжают происходить в развитии форм земной поверхности, существенные геоморфологические или физико-географические особенности рельефа»;
"is an outstanding example representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems, and communities of plants and animals"
Критерии ЮНЕСКО
Criterion (iх):
"contains the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation"
Критерии ЮНЕСКО
Criterion (х):
Town-planning and architectural composition of the ensemble, listed buildings. Archeology and natural landscape of Kazan Kremlin are filled with historical and cultural, town-planning and architectural, traditional and intellectual values.
The situation in Kazan greatly differed from the situation in other cities of the outskirt national provinces and contributed into the fulfillment of complete synthesis of traditional features of tatar architecture having roots at Bulgar-Kazan architecture which represents the northern branch of medieval eastern architecture, with stylistic features of the newest architecture, which had its influence through the view of Russian culture.
Kazan Kremlin is the example of a fortification (Kazan Kremlin fortress fulfilling the highest requirements of that time was one of the best fortresses in Russia and was considered impenetrable) and large administrative centre which has been formed on basis of two cultural traditions: Tatar and Russian, Eastern and European with its unique architectural monuments, survived natural landscapes and ancient cultural layer (occupation layer). In XX century Kazan Kremlin was almost not influenced by large town-planning changes and destructions
Authenticity/integrity
Подлинность/ целостность
The integral complex dating back to X century has its written history since ancient times. It is proved by numerous archeological, numismatic, topographical and iconographic data, ancient maps and plans, literature works, archive documents, etc.
The date of mentioning Kazan in written sources – XI-XII – has recently been proved archeologically. In ancient sources there is information about brick-stone architectural monuments of XV and the first half of XVI centuries in Kazan. (mosques, mausoleums, palaces and so on). According to the written sources up to 1807 the ruins of khan palace survived in the Kremlin.
Heritage buildings weren’t seriously damaged, weren’t destroyed and didn’t lose their value. The authenticity of shape and design, materials and substances, and other characteristic features showing the outstanding universal value is accompanied by slight intervention in architectural monuments. The works which have been done at the architectural monuments of the complex were fulfilled using following methods: conservation, fragmentary restoration and museumification where appropriate construction technologies, materials and substances were used.
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