2HOMEOSTASIS_IN_MAMMALS__AR

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1. 2HOMEOSTASIS_IN_MAMMALS__AR
2. Importance of Homeostasis in Mammalsmetabolic reactions are
3. HomeostasisDefinition: Keeping the internal environment in a Steady stateIt is controlled by Negative Feedback Mechanism
4. Rise abovenormal valueFall below normal valuenormal valueCorrective MechanismCorrective MechanismNEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISMnormal valuenegative feedbacknegative feedback
5. kidneys : regulate water & mineral
6. Osmoregulation (Water & Mineral salts)Regulate water potential in Tissue FluidOrgan involved: KIDNEYS
7. After SweatingConcentrated BloodLarger proportion of water is reabsorbed
8. After DrinkingDiluted BloodSmaller proportion of water is reabsorbed
9. Osmoregulation (Water & Mineral salts)After having
10. Thermoregulation (Regulation of Body Temperature)poikilotherms (cold-blooded animals)body
11. Homoiotherms (warm-blooded animals) keep body temperature constant
12. Maintenance of Body TemperatureSKIN
13. Structure of Mammalian Skin
14. Epidermisdead outer layerrelatively impermeableeasily peeled offprotect the
15. middle layermade up of living cellsbecome dead
16. DermisBlood capillariesto nourish the cells of the
17. Hair follicles & Hairseach hair has a
18. Sebaceous glandsecretes oily substanceto make the skin
19. beneath the Dermisfor fat storageacts as insulator of heatSubcutaneous Fat
20. Functions of Our Skinprotect the body (epidermis)to
21. Functions of Our Skinexcretion of sweat (sweat
22. Control Body Temperature in Hot Conditions
23. More sweat is produced by sweat glandsevaporation
24. Erector muscles relaxhairs lie flat on the
25. Control Body Temperature in Cold ConditionsErector muscles
26. Develop thicker subcutaneous fat & thicker furas
27. Regulation of Blood Glucose Levelcontrolled by
28. normal blood glucose levelBlood glucose level fallsBlood glucose level risesnormal blood glucose levelToo HighToo Low
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Importance of Homeostasis in Mammalsmetabolic reactions are controlled by enzymesenzymes work best in a narrow range of temperature & pH only∴important to keep internal environment as steady as possible

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1

Слайд 2Importance of Homeostasis in Mammals
metabolic reactions are controlled by enzymes
enzymes

work best in a narrow range of temperature & pH

only
∴important to keep internal environment as steady as possible

Importance of Homeostasis in Mammalsmetabolic reactions are controlled by enzymesenzymes work best in a narrow range of

Слайд 3Homeostasis
Definition: Keeping the internal environment in a Steady state
It is

controlled by Negative Feedback Mechanism

Слайд 4Rise above
normal value
Fall below
normal value
normal value
Corrective Mechanism
Corrective Mechanism
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

MECHANISM
normal value
negative feedback
negative feedback

Rise abovenormal valueFall below normal valuenormal valueCorrective MechanismCorrective MechanismNEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISMnormal valuenegative feedbacknegative feedback

Слайд 5kidneys :
regulate water & mineral salts concentration
skin :

regulate body temperature
liver & pancreas :
regulate blood glucose level
Parts of

Body involved

kidney

liver

pancreas

skin

Слайд 6Osmoregulation (Water & Mineral salts)
Regulate water potential in Tissue Fluid
Organ

involved: KIDNEYS

Слайд 7After Sweating
Concentrated Blood
Larger proportion of water is reabsorbed

Слайд 8After Drinking
Diluted Blood
Smaller proportion of water is reabsorbed

Слайд 9Osmoregulation (Water & Mineral salts)
After having a very salty meal
produce

concentrated urine to remove excess salts in solution form
extra water

is needed to be excreted along with the excess salts
sensation of thirst (drink more water to compensate for the water loss)

Osmoregulation (Water & Mineral salts)After having a very salty mealproduce concentrated urine to remove excess salts

Слайд 10Thermoregulation (Regulation of Body Temperature)
poikilotherms (cold-blooded animals)
body temperatures vary with that

of the environment
e.g. reptiles, fish, amphibians

Thermoregulation (Regulation of Body Temperature)poikilotherms (cold-blooded animals)body temperatures vary with that of the environmente.g. reptiles, fish, amphibians

Слайд 11Homoiotherms (warm-blooded animals)
keep body temperature constant even in winter

by increasing metabolic rate
e.g. birds, mammals

Thermoregulation (Regulation of Body Temperature)

Homoiotherms (warm-blooded animals) keep body temperature constant even in winter by increasing metabolic ratee.g. birds, mammalsThermoregulation (Regulation

Слайд 12Maintenance of Body Temperature
SKIN

Слайд 13Structure of Mammalian Skin

Слайд 14Epidermis
dead outer layer
relatively impermeable
easily peeled off
protect the underlying tissues
to prevent

mechanical injury
to prevent bacterial entry
to reduce water loss

Epidermisdead outer layerrelatively impermeableeasily peeled offprotect the underlying tissuesto prevent mechanical injuryto prevent bacterial entryto reduce water

Слайд 15middle layer
made up of living cells
become dead as they approach

the surface
black inner layer
with pigment (melanin) to absorb ultra-violet ray

for sunlight
have cell division to repair the lost outer layers

Epidermis

middle layermade up of living cellsbecome dead as they approach the surfaceblack inner layerwith pigment (melanin) to

Слайд 16Dermis
Blood capillaries
to nourish the cells of the skin
branch into superficial

blood capillaries
Sweat gland
surrounded by a network of capillaries
secrete sweat (consists

of water, mineral salts, urea & some waste materials)
characteristic of mammals

DermisBlood capillariesto nourish the cells of the skinbranch into superficial blood capillariesSweat glandsurrounded by a network of

Слайд 17Hair follicles & Hairs
each hair has a nerve & a

capillary attached to it
nerve: receives stimuli
capillary: supply food &

oxygen
hairs reduce heat loss & assist in temperature regulation
Erector muscle
controls the hair movement for temperature regulation

Dermis

Hair follicles & Hairseach hair has a nerve & a capillary attached to it nerve: receives stimulicapillary:

Слайд 18Sebaceous gland
secretes oily substance
to make the skin waterproof
to prevent bacterial

entry
Receptors
detect pain, pressure, temperature & touch
Dermis

Sebaceous glandsecretes oily substanceto make the skin waterproofto prevent bacterial entryReceptors detect pain, pressure, temperature & touchDermis

Слайд 19beneath the Dermis
for fat storage
acts as insulator of heat
Subcutaneous Fat

Слайд 20Functions of Our Skin
protect the body (epidermis)
to provide mechanical protection
to

prevent bacterial entry
to reduce water loss
temperature regulation (hair)

Functions of Our Skinprotect the body (epidermis)to provide mechanical protectionto prevent bacterial entryto reduce water losstemperature regulation

Слайд 21Functions of Our Skin
excretion of sweat (sweat gland)
store fats (subcutaneous

fat)
sensation (numerous receptors )
production of vitamin D under ultra-violet light

(inner epidermis)

Functions of Our Skinexcretion of sweat (sweat gland)store fats (subcutaneous fat)sensation (numerous receptors )production of vitamin D

Слайд 22Control Body Temperature in Hot Conditions

Слайд 23More sweat is produced by sweat glands
evaporation of sweat takes

away heat which produces a cooling effect
Vasodilation of skin arterioles
arterioles

near the surface of the skin dilates
to let more blood flows near the skin surface
to have more heat lost by conduction & radiation.

More sweat is produced by sweat glandsevaporation of sweat takes away heat which produces a cooling effectVasodilation

Слайд 24Erector muscles relax
hairs lie flat on the skin
reduce thickness of

air trapped among the hairs (not effective in human because

human’s hairs are short)

Develop thinner subcutaneous fat & shed their fur
as long term responses
increase heat loss
Decrease metabolic rate & muscle contraction
gain less heat

Erector muscles relaxhairs lie flat on the skinreduce thickness of air trapped among the hairs (not effective

Слайд 25Control Body Temperature in Cold Conditions
Erector muscles contract
pull hairs erect

for trapping more air
thicker layer of air acts as a

good insulator of heat
Less sweat is produced by sweat glands
reduce heat loss by evaporation

Control Body Temperature in Cold ConditionsErector muscles contractpull hairs erect for trapping more airthicker layer of air

Слайд 26Develop thicker subcutaneous fat & thicker fur
as long term responses

reduce heat loss
Increase metabolic rate & muscle contraction
gain more heat

Develop thicker subcutaneous fat & thicker furas long term responses reduce heat lossIncrease metabolic rate & muscle

Слайд 27Regulation of Blood Glucose Level
controlled by Negative feedback mechanism
controlled by

insulin secreted from the islets of Langerhans in pancreas
Diabetes -

malfunction of pancreas (does not secrete enough insulin)

Regulation of Blood Glucose Levelcontrolled by Negative feedback mechanismcontrolled by insulin secreted from the islets of

Слайд 28normal blood glucose level
Blood glucose level falls
Blood glucose level rises
normal

blood glucose level
Too High
Too Low

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2HOMEOSTASIS_IN_MAMMALS__AR

Содержание

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1

Слайд 2Importance of Homeostasis in Mammalsmetabolic reactions are controlled by enzymesenzymes

work best in a narrow range of temperature & pH

Слайд 3HomeostasisDefinition: Keeping the internal environment in a Steady stateIt is

controlled by Negative Feedback Mechanism

Слайд 4Rise abovenormal valueFall below normal valuenormal valueCorrective MechanismCorrective MechanismNEGATIVE FEEDBACK

MECHANISMnormal valuenegative feedbacknegative feedback

Слайд 5kidneys : regulate water & mineral salts concentrationskin :

regulate body temperatureliver & pancreas :regulate blood glucose levelParts of

Слайд 6Osmoregulation (Water & Mineral salts)Regulate water potential in Tissue FluidOrgan

involved: KIDNEYS

Слайд 7After SweatingConcentrated BloodLarger proportion of water is reabsorbed

Слайд 8After DrinkingDiluted BloodSmaller proportion of water is reabsorbed

Слайд 9Osmoregulation (Water & Mineral salts)After having a very salty mealproduce

concentrated urine to remove excess salts in solution formextra water

Слайд 10Thermoregulation (Regulation of Body Temperature)poikilotherms (cold-blooded animals)body temperatures vary with that

of the environmente.g. reptiles, fish, amphibians

Слайд 11Homoiotherms (warm-blooded animals) keep body temperature constant even in winter

by increasing metabolic ratee.g. birds, mammalsThermoregulation (Regulation of Body Temperature)

Слайд 12Maintenance of Body TemperatureSKIN

Слайд 13Structure of Mammalian Skin

Слайд 14Epidermisdead outer layerrelatively impermeableeasily peeled offprotect the underlying tissuesto prevent

mechanical injuryto prevent bacterial entryto reduce water loss

Слайд 15middle layermade up of living cellsbecome dead as they approach

the surfaceblack inner layerwith pigment (melanin) to absorb ultra-violet ray

Слайд 16DermisBlood capillariesto nourish the cells of the skinbranch into superficial

blood capillariesSweat glandsurrounded by a network of capillariessecrete sweat (consists

Слайд 17Hair follicles & Hairseach hair has a nerve & a

capillary attached to it nerve: receives stimulicapillary: supply food &

Слайд 18Sebaceous glandsecretes oily substanceto make the skin waterproofto prevent bacterial

entryReceptors detect pain, pressure, temperature & touchDermis

Слайд 19beneath the Dermisfor fat storageacts as insulator of heatSubcutaneous Fat

Слайд 20Functions of Our Skinprotect the body (epidermis)to provide mechanical protectionto

prevent bacterial entryto reduce water losstemperature regulation (hair)

Слайд 21Functions of Our Skinexcretion of sweat (sweat gland)store fats (subcutaneous

fat)sensation (numerous receptors )production of vitamin D under ultra-violet light