work best in a narrow range of temperature & pH
only∴important to keep internal environment as steady as possible
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2HOMEOSTASIS_IN_MAMMALS__AR
Содержание
- 1. 2HOMEOSTASIS_IN_MAMMALS__AR
- 2. Importance of Homeostasis in Mammalsmetabolic reactions are
- 3. HomeostasisDefinition: Keeping the internal environment in a Steady stateIt is controlled by Negative Feedback Mechanism
- 4. Rise abovenormal valueFall below normal valuenormal valueCorrective MechanismCorrective MechanismNEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISMnormal valuenegative feedbacknegative feedback
- 5. kidneys : regulate water & mineral
- 6. Osmoregulation (Water & Mineral salts)Regulate water potential in Tissue FluidOrgan involved: KIDNEYS
- 7. After SweatingConcentrated BloodLarger proportion of water is reabsorbed
- 8. After DrinkingDiluted BloodSmaller proportion of water is reabsorbed
- 9. Osmoregulation (Water & Mineral salts)After having
- 10. Thermoregulation (Regulation of Body Temperature)poikilotherms (cold-blooded animals)body
- 11. Homoiotherms (warm-blooded animals) keep body temperature constant
- 12. Maintenance of Body TemperatureSKIN
- 13. Structure of Mammalian Skin
- 14. Epidermisdead outer layerrelatively impermeableeasily peeled offprotect the
- 15. middle layermade up of living cellsbecome dead
- 16. DermisBlood capillariesto nourish the cells of the
- 17. Hair follicles & Hairseach hair has a
- 18. Sebaceous glandsecretes oily substanceto make the skin
- 19. beneath the Dermisfor fat storageacts as insulator of heatSubcutaneous Fat
- 20. Functions of Our Skinprotect the body (epidermis)to
- 21. Functions of Our Skinexcretion of sweat (sweat
- 22. Control Body Temperature in Hot Conditions
- 23. More sweat is produced by sweat glandsevaporation
- 24. Erector muscles relaxhairs lie flat on the
- 25. Control Body Temperature in Cold ConditionsErector muscles
- 26. Develop thicker subcutaneous fat & thicker furas
- 27. Regulation of Blood Glucose Levelcontrolled by
- 28. normal blood glucose levelBlood glucose level fallsBlood glucose level risesnormal blood glucose levelToo HighToo Low
- 29. Скачать презентанцию
Importance of Homeostasis in Mammalsmetabolic reactions are controlled by enzymesenzymes work best in a narrow range of temperature & pH only∴important to keep internal environment as steady as possible
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 2Importance of Homeostasis in Mammals
metabolic reactions are controlled by enzymes
enzymes
∴important to keep internal environment as steady as possible
Слайд 3Homeostasis
Definition: Keeping the internal environment in a Steady state
It is
controlled by Negative Feedback Mechanism
Слайд 4Rise above
normal value
Fall below
normal value
normal value
Corrective Mechanism
Corrective Mechanism
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
MECHANISM
normal value
negative feedback
negative feedback
Слайд 5kidneys :
regulate water & mineral salts concentration
skin :
regulate body temperature
liver & pancreas :
regulate blood glucose level
Parts of
Body involvedkidney
liver
pancreas
+
skin
Слайд 6Osmoregulation
(Water & Mineral salts)
Regulate water potential in Tissue Fluid
Organ
involved: KIDNEYS
Слайд 9Osmoregulation
(Water & Mineral salts)
After having a very salty meal
produce
concentrated urine to remove excess salts in solution form
extra water
is needed to be excreted along with the excess saltssensation of thirst (drink more water to compensate for the water loss)
Слайд 10Thermoregulation
(Regulation of Body Temperature)
poikilotherms (cold-blooded animals)
body temperatures vary with that
of the environment
e.g. reptiles, fish, amphibians
Слайд 11Homoiotherms (warm-blooded animals)
keep body temperature constant even in winter
by increasing metabolic rate
e.g. birds, mammals
Thermoregulation
(Regulation of Body Temperature)
Слайд 14Epidermis
dead outer layer
relatively impermeable
easily peeled off
protect the underlying tissues
to prevent
mechanical injury
to prevent bacterial entry
to reduce water loss
Слайд 15middle layer
made up of living cells
become dead as they approach
the surface
black inner layer
with pigment (melanin) to absorb ultra-violet ray
for sunlighthave cell division to repair the lost outer layers
Epidermis
Слайд 16Dermis
Blood capillaries
to nourish the cells of the skin
branch into superficial
blood capillaries
Sweat gland
surrounded by a network of capillaries
secrete sweat (consists
of water, mineral salts, urea & some waste materials)characteristic of mammals
Слайд 17Hair follicles & Hairs
each hair has a nerve & a
capillary attached to it
nerve: receives stimuli
capillary: supply food &
oxygenhairs reduce heat loss & assist in temperature regulation
Erector muscle
controls the hair movement for temperature regulation
Dermis
Слайд 18Sebaceous gland
secretes oily substance
to make the skin waterproof
to prevent bacterial
entry
Receptors
detect pain, pressure, temperature & touch
Dermis
Слайд 20Functions of Our Skin
protect the body (epidermis)
to provide mechanical protection
to
prevent bacterial entry
to reduce water loss
temperature regulation (hair)
Слайд 21Functions of Our Skin
excretion of sweat (sweat gland)
store fats (subcutaneous
fat)
sensation (numerous receptors )
production of vitamin D under ultra-violet light
(inner epidermis)
Слайд 23More sweat is produced by sweat glands
evaporation of sweat takes
away heat which produces a cooling effect
Vasodilation of skin arterioles
arterioles
near the surface of the skin dilatesto let more blood flows near the skin surface
to have more heat lost by conduction & radiation.
Слайд 24Erector muscles relax
hairs lie flat on the skin
reduce thickness of
air trapped among the hairs (not effective in human because
human’s hairs are short)Develop thinner subcutaneous fat & shed their fur
as long term responses
increase heat loss
Decrease metabolic rate & muscle contraction
gain less heat
Слайд 25Control Body Temperature in Cold Conditions
Erector muscles contract
pull hairs erect
for trapping more air
thicker layer of air acts as a
good insulator of heatLess sweat is produced by sweat glands
reduce heat loss by evaporation
Слайд 26Develop thicker subcutaneous fat & thicker fur
as long term responses
reduce heat loss
Increase metabolic rate & muscle contraction
gain more heat
Слайд 27Regulation of
Blood Glucose Level
controlled by Negative feedback mechanism
controlled by
insulin secreted from the islets of Langerhans in pancreas
Diabetes -
malfunction of pancreas (does not secrete enough insulin)
Слайд 28normal blood glucose level
Blood glucose level falls
Blood glucose level rises
normal
blood glucose level
Too High
Too Low
